Indonesia vs Taiwan: Electricity Compared

Indonesia generated 372 TWh of electricity in 2024 and Taiwan 289 TWh, according to Ember. Indonesia's largest source was coal (61.5%); Taiwan's was gas (43.2%). Each kWh generated emitted 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 635 gCO2/kWh in Taiwan. These are Ember annual statistics for 2024, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Ember's latest annual figures for Indonesia are for 2024, while Taiwan has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2024 for both.

Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.

Key Facts

Gas supplied 43.2% of Taiwan's electricity in 2024, against 18.5% in Indonesia.
The average person in Taiwan used 12.43 MWh of electricity in 2024, 9.5 times as much as in Indonesia (1.31 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 18.1% of Indonesia's electricity in 2024 and 15.3% of Taiwan's.
Electricity demand in 2024 was 373 TWh in Indonesia and 289 TWh in Taiwan.

Key Figures, 2024

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Indonesia	Taiwan
Total generation	372 TWh	289 TWh
Electricity demand	373 TWh	289 TWh
Demand per person	1.31 MWh	12.43 MWh
Carbon intensity	681 gCO2/kWh	635 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	253 MtCO2	184 MtCO2
Low carbon share	18.1%	15.3%
Largest source	Coal 61.5%	Gas 43.2%

Generation Mix, 2024

Share of generation

Source	Indonesia	Taiwan
Coal	61.5%	40.0%
Gas	18.5%	43.2%
Hydro	7.3%	1.5%
Bioenergy	5.7%	0.7%
Solar	0.4%	5.3%
Other renewables	4.5%	0.0%
Nuclear	0.0%	4.2%
Wind	0.1%	3.6%
Other fossil	1.9%	1.5%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Indonesia and Taiwan each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2024 it was 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 635 gCO2/kWh in Taiwan.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Indonesia and Taiwan, 1985 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	Taiwan
1985	n/a	331 gCO2/kWh
1986	n/a	411 gCO2/kWh
1987	n/a	393 gCO2/kWh
1988	n/a	449 gCO2/kWh
1989	n/a	494 gCO2/kWh
1990	n/a	456 gCO2/kWh
1991	n/a	485 gCO2/kWh
1992	n/a	510 gCO2/kWh
1993	n/a	553 gCO2/kWh
1994	n/a	561 gCO2/kWh
1995	n/a	570 gCO2/kWh
1996	n/a	584 gCO2/kWh
1997	n/a	602 gCO2/kWh
1998	n/a	606 gCO2/kWh
1999	n/a	612 gCO2/kWh
2000	631 gCO2/kWh	635 gCO2/kWh
2001	626 gCO2/kWh	654 gCO2/kWh
2002	643 gCO2/kWh	654 gCO2/kWh
2003	656 gCO2/kWh	666 gCO2/kWh
2004	654 gCO2/kWh	664 gCO2/kWh
2005	651 gCO2/kWh	665 gCO2/kWh
2006	668 gCO2/kWh	670 gCO2/kWh
2007	663 gCO2/kWh	670 gCO2/kWh
2008	653 gCO2/kWh	660 gCO2/kWh
2009	661 gCO2/kWh	658 gCO2/kWh
2010	637 gCO2/kWh	653 gCO2/kWh
2011	667 gCO2/kWh	653 gCO2/kWh
2012	687 gCO2/kWh	650 gCO2/kWh
2013	682 gCO2/kWh	644 gCO2/kWh
2014	692 gCO2/kWh	646 gCO2/kWh
2015	697 gCO2/kWh	650 gCO2/kWh
2016	689 gCO2/kWh	659 gCO2/kWh
2017	689 gCO2/kWh	685 gCO2/kWh
2018	684 gCO2/kWh	673 gCO2/kWh
2019	694 gCO2/kWh	649 gCO2/kWh
2020	685 gCO2/kWh	648 gCO2/kWh
2021	685 gCO2/kWh	652 gCO2/kWh
2022	676 gCO2/kWh	639 gCO2/kWh
2023	681 gCO2/kWh	644 gCO2/kWh
2024	681 gCO2/kWh	635 gCO2/kWh
2025	n/a	634 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and Taiwan each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2024 it was 1.31 MWh in Indonesia and 12.43 MWh in Taiwan.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and Taiwan, 1985 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	Taiwan
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	0.45 MWh	8.28 MWh
2001	0.49 MWh	8.40 MWh
2002	0.51 MWh	8.81 MWh
2003	0.52 MWh	9.22 MWh
2004	0.55 MWh	9.60 MWh
2005	0.58 MWh	9.97 MWh
2006	0.59 MWh	10.28 MWh
2007	0.63 MWh	10.57 MWh
2008	0.65 MWh	10.32 MWh
2009	0.67 MWh	9.93 MWh
2010	0.72 MWh	10.64 MWh
2011	0.77 MWh	10.83 MWh
2012	0.83 MWh	10.72 MWh
2013	0.88 MWh	10.78 MWh
2014	0.92 MWh	11.08 MWh
2015	0.93 MWh	10.97 MWh
2016	0.98 MWh	11.20 MWh
2017	1.00 MWh	11.44 MWh
2018	1.06 MWh	11.65 MWh
2019	1.09 MWh	11.58 MWh
2020	1.07 MWh	11.83 MWh
2021	1.12 MWh	12.35 MWh
2022	1.20 MWh	12.31 MWh
2023	1.25 MWh	12.11 MWh
2024	1.31 MWh	12.43 MWh
2025	n/a	12.50 MWh

Indonesia history · Taiwan history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.

Indonesia vs Taiwan: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2024

Generation Mix, 2024

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Related