Brazil vs Indonesia: Electricity Compared

Brazil generated 746 TWh of electricity in 2024 and Indonesia 372 TWh, according to Ember. Brazil's largest source was hydro (55.4%); Indonesia's was coal (61.5%). Each kWh generated emitted 106 gCO2/kWh in Brazil and 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2024, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Ember's latest annual figures for Indonesia are for 2024, while Brazil has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2024 for both.

Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 61.5% of Indonesia's electricity in 2024, against 2.2% in Brazil.
Indonesia's electricity was 6.4 times as carbon intensive as Brazil's in 2024, at 681 gCO2/kWh against 106 gCO2/kWh.
The average person in Brazil used 3.57 MWh of electricity in 2024, 2.7 times as much as in Indonesia (1.31 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 89.5% of Brazil's electricity in 2024 and 18.1% of Indonesia's.
Electricity demand in 2024 was 757 TWh in Brazil and 373 TWh in Indonesia.

Key Figures, 2024

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Brazil	Indonesia
Total generation	746 TWh	372 TWh
Electricity demand	757 TWh	373 TWh
Demand per person	3.57 MWh	1.31 MWh
Carbon intensity	106 gCO2/kWh	681 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	79.1 MtCO2	253 MtCO2
Low carbon share	89.5%	18.1%
Largest source	Hydro 55.4%	Coal 61.5%

Generation Mix, 2024

Share of generation

Source	Brazil	Indonesia
Coal	2.2%	61.5%
Hydro	55.4%	7.3%
Gas	6.5%	18.5%
Wind	14.6%	0.1%
Solar	9.6%	0.4%
Bioenergy	7.8%	5.7%
Other renewables	0.0%	4.5%
Nuclear	2.1%	0.0%
Other fossil	1.8%	1.9%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Brazil and Indonesia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2024 it was 106 gCO2/kWh in Brazil and 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Brazil and Indonesia, 1985 to 2025
Year	Brazil	Indonesia
1985	61 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1986	85 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1987	74 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1988	66 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1989	66 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1990	60 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1991	62 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1992	63 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1993	61 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1994	61 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1995	63 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1996	68 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1997	71 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1998	71 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1999	90 gCO2/kWh	n/a
2000	89 gCO2/kWh	631 gCO2/kWh
2001	106 gCO2/kWh	626 gCO2/kWh
2002	97 gCO2/kWh	643 gCO2/kWh
2003	91 gCO2/kWh	656 gCO2/kWh
2004	102 gCO2/kWh	654 gCO2/kWh
2005	99 gCO2/kWh	651 gCO2/kWh
2006	96 gCO2/kWh	668 gCO2/kWh
2007	91 gCO2/kWh	663 gCO2/kWh
2008	114 gCO2/kWh	653 gCO2/kWh
2009	87 gCO2/kWh	661 gCO2/kWh
2010	114 gCO2/kWh	637 gCO2/kWh
2011	100 gCO2/kWh	667 gCO2/kWh
2012	128 gCO2/kWh	687 gCO2/kWh
2013	168 gCO2/kWh	682 gCO2/kWh
2014	193 gCO2/kWh	692 gCO2/kWh
2015	189 gCO2/kWh	697 gCO2/kWh
2016	150 gCO2/kWh	689 gCO2/kWh
2017	156 gCO2/kWh	689 gCO2/kWh
2018	137 gCO2/kWh	684 gCO2/kWh
2019	142 gCO2/kWh	694 gCO2/kWh
2020	133 gCO2/kWh	685 gCO2/kWh
2021	168 gCO2/kWh	685 gCO2/kWh
2022	103 gCO2/kWh	676 gCO2/kWh
2023	96 gCO2/kWh	681 gCO2/kWh
2024	106 gCO2/kWh	681 gCO2/kWh
2025	110 gCO2/kWh	n/a

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Brazil and Indonesia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2024 it was 3.57 MWh in Brazil and 1.31 MWh in Indonesia.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Brazil and Indonesia, 1985 to 2025
Year	Brazil	Indonesia
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	2.25 MWh	0.45 MWh
2001	2.08 MWh	0.49 MWh
2002	2.14 MWh	0.51 MWh
2003	2.23 MWh	0.52 MWh
2004	2.33 MWh	0.55 MWh
2005	2.39 MWh	0.58 MWh
2006	2.47 MWh	0.59 MWh
2007	2.57 MWh	0.63 MWh
2008	2.66 MWh	0.65 MWh
2009	2.64 MWh	0.67 MWh
2010	2.84 MWh	0.72 MWh
2011	2.91 MWh	0.77 MWh
2012	3.01 MWh	0.83 MWh
2013	3.08 MWh	0.88 MWh
2014	3.12 MWh	0.92 MWh
2015	3.05 MWh	0.93 MWh
2016	3.05 MWh	0.98 MWh
2017	3.06 MWh	1.00 MWh
2018	3.09 MWh	1.06 MWh
2019	3.17 MWh	1.09 MWh
2020	3.13 MWh	1.07 MWh
2021	3.24 MWh	1.12 MWh
2022	3.28 MWh	1.20 MWh
2023	3.43 MWh	1.25 MWh
2024	3.57 MWh	1.31 MWh
2025	3.58 MWh	n/a

Brazil history · Indonesia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.

Brazil vs Indonesia: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2024

Generation Mix, 2024

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

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