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Built 2026-09-20 (20 September 2026)

What Is the Carbon Footprint of My Electricity?

It depends on your country's grid. Pick a country and enter your home's electricity use, an electric car or an appliance, and this calculator gives kilograms of CO2 at that country's average carbon intensity, using Ember's 2025 statistics (world average 459 gCO2/kWh in 2025), and compares it with the cleanest and the most carbon intensive large grids.

What do you want to measure?

Your annual total is on a bill or in your meter app. 3,500 kWh is a common figure for a home in a temperate country.

Using 3,500 kWh of electricity a year in Germany emits about 1.17 tonnes CO2 a year (97.4 kg CO2 a month), at the 2025 average carbon intensity of 334 gCO2/kWh.

The same electricity on different grids
GridEmber yearCarbon intensityCO2 a year
Germany (your grid)2025334 gCO2/kWh1.17 tonnes CO2
World average2025459 gCO2/kWh1.61 tonnes CO2
Cleanest large grid: Ethiopia202523 gCO2/kWh81.9 kg CO2
Dirtiest large grid: Turkmenistan20241,306 gCO2/kWh4.57 tonnes CO2

Your figure is about 1.4 times lower than at the world average intensity (459 gCO2/kWh, 2025). This uses the grid's annual average, so it shows how carbon intensive a typical kWh in Germany was in 2025. It is not the emissions of the hour you use the electricity and it is not a full lifecycle footprint of the appliance or car.

Show the carbon intensity of every country as a table
CountryEmber yearCarbon intensity
Afghanistan2024117 gCO2/kWh
Albania202525 gCO2/kWh
Algeria2024633 gCO2/kWh
American Samoa2024622 gCO2/kWh
Angola2024185 gCO2/kWh
Antigua and Barbuda2024608 gCO2/kWh
Argentina2025342 gCO2/kWh
Armenia2025244 gCO2/kWh
Aruba2024549 gCO2/kWh
Australia2025525 gCO2/kWh
Austria2025117 gCO2/kWh
Azerbaijan2025642 gCO2/kWh
Bahamas2024652 gCO2/kWh
Bahrain2024902 gCO2/kWh
Bangladesh2025696 gCO2/kWh
Barbados2024601 gCO2/kWh
Belarus2025315 gCO2/kWh
Belgium2025126 gCO2/kWh
Belize2024170 gCO2/kWh
Benin2024579 gCO2/kWh
Bermuda2024639 gCO2/kWh
Bhutan202424 gCO2/kWh
Bolivia2025481 gCO2/kWh
Bosnia and Herzegovina2025573 gCO2/kWh
Botswana2024852 gCO2/kWh
Brazil2025110 gCO2/kWh
British Virgin Islands2023659 gCO2/kWh
Brunei2024893 gCO2/kWh
Bulgaria2025275 gCO2/kWh
Burkina Faso2024561 gCO2/kWh
Burundi2024184 gCO2/kWh
Cabo Verde2024463 gCO2/kWh
Cambodia2025499 gCO2/kWh
Cameroon2024226 gCO2/kWh
Canada2025191 gCO2/kWh
Cayman Islands2024632 gCO2/kWh
Central African Republic202321 gCO2/kWh
Chad2024630 gCO2/kWh
Chile2025291 gCO2/kWh
China2025528 gCO2/kWh
Colombia2025190 gCO2/kWh
Comoros2023657 gCO2/kWh
Cook Islands2024350 gCO2/kWh
Cote d'Ivoire2024406 gCO2/kWh
Croatia2025158 gCO2/kWh
Cuba2024643 gCO2/kWh
Cyprus2025505 gCO2/kWh
Czechia2025401 gCO2/kWh
Democratic Republic of the Congo202428 gCO2/kWh
Denmark2025100 gCO2/kWh
Djibouti2024430 gCO2/kWh
Dominica2023573 gCO2/kWh
Dominican Republic2025538 gCO2/kWh
Ecuador2025159 gCO2/kWh
Egypt2025563 gCO2/kWh
El Salvador2025111 gCO2/kWh
Equatorial Guinea2024643 gCO2/kWh
Eritrea2024591 gCO2/kWh
Estonia2025319 gCO2/kWh
Eswatini2024120 gCO2/kWh
Ethiopia202523 gCO2/kWh
Falkland Islands2023700 gCO2/kWh
Faroe Islands2023361 gCO2/kWh
Fiji2024276 gCO2/kWh
Finland202557 gCO2/kWh
France202541 gCO2/kWh
French Guiana2023257 gCO2/kWh
French Polynesia2024440 gCO2/kWh
Gabon2024525 gCO2/kWh
Gambia2024659 gCO2/kWh
Georgia2025147 gCO2/kWh
Germany2025334 gCO2/kWh
Ghana2024469 gCO2/kWh
Gibraltar2024591 gCO2/kWh
Greece2025325 gCO2/kWh
Greenland2024138 gCO2/kWh
Grenada2024658 gCO2/kWh
Guadeloupe2023493 gCO2/kWh
Guam2024605 gCO2/kWh
Guatemala2024301 gCO2/kWh
Guinea2024181 gCO2/kWh
Guinea-Bissau2024663 gCO2/kWh
Guyana2024642 gCO2/kWh
Haiti2024540 gCO2/kWh
Honduras2024322 gCO2/kWh
Hong Kong2024676 gCO2/kWh
Hungary2025163 gCO2/kWh
Iceland202528 gCO2/kWh
India2025671 gCO2/kWh
Indonesia2024681 gCO2/kWh
Iran2025658 gCO2/kWh
Iraq2024683 gCO2/kWh
Ireland2025263 gCO2/kWh
Israel2025493 gCO2/kWh
Italy2025284 gCO2/kWh
Jamaica2024562 gCO2/kWh
Japan2025477 gCO2/kWh
Jordan2024530 gCO2/kWh
Kazakhstan2025806 gCO2/kWh
Kenya202596 gCO2/kWh
Kiribati2024500 gCO2/kWh
Kosovo2025902 gCO2/kWh
Kuwait2025635 gCO2/kWh
Kyrgyzstan202573 gCO2/kWh
Laos2024232 gCO2/kWh
Latvia2025135 gCO2/kWh
Lebanon2024388 gCO2/kWh
Liberia2024314 gCO2/kWh
Libya2024827 gCO2/kWh
Lithuania2025138 gCO2/kWh
Luxembourg2025121 gCO2/kWh
Macao2024474 gCO2/kWh
Madagascar2024434 gCO2/kWh
Malawi202457 gCO2/kWh
Malaysia2025606 gCO2/kWh
Maldives2024615 gCO2/kWh
Mali2024537 gCO2/kWh
Malta2025480 gCO2/kWh
Martinique2023526 gCO2/kWh
Mauritania2024515 gCO2/kWh
Mauritius2024642 gCO2/kWh
Mexico2025474 gCO2/kWh
Moldova2025514 gCO2/kWh
Mongolia2025822 gCO2/kWh
Montenegro2025265 gCO2/kWh
Montserrat2024700 gCO2/kWh
Morocco2025603 gCO2/kWh
Mozambique2024129 gCO2/kWh
Myanmar2024502 gCO2/kWh
Namibia202452 gCO2/kWh
Nauru2024540 gCO2/kWh
Nepal202424 gCO2/kWh
Netherlands2025254 gCO2/kWh
New Caledonia2024564 gCO2/kWh
New Zealand202593 gCO2/kWh
Nicaragua2024300 gCO2/kWh
Niger2024671 gCO2/kWh
Nigeria2025452 gCO2/kWh
North Korea2024341 gCO2/kWh
North Macedonia2025407 gCO2/kWh
Norway202528 gCO2/kWh
Oman2025544 gCO2/kWh
Pakistan2025308 gCO2/kWh
Palestine2024417 gCO2/kWh
Panama2024220 gCO2/kWh
Papua New Guinea2024516 gCO2/kWh
Paraguay202525 gCO2/kWh
Peru2025238 gCO2/kWh
Philippines2025595 gCO2/kWh
Poland2025591 gCO2/kWh
Portugal2025128 gCO2/kWh
Puerto Rico2025656 gCO2/kWh
Qatar2025582 gCO2/kWh
Republic of the Congo2024716 gCO2/kWh
Reunion2023399 gCO2/kWh
Romania2025259 gCO2/kWh
Russia2025450 gCO2/kWh
Rwanda2024362 gCO2/kWh
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha20231,000 gCO2/kWh
Saint Kitts and Nevis2024604 gCO2/kWh
Saint Lucia2024643 gCO2/kWh
Saint Pierre and Miquelon2023660 gCO2/kWh
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2024573 gCO2/kWh
Samoa2024400 gCO2/kWh
Sao Tome and Principe2023589 gCO2/kWh
Saudi Arabia2024692 gCO2/kWh
Senegal2024540 gCO2/kWh
Serbia2025696 gCO2/kWh
Seychelles2024560 gCO2/kWh
Sierra Leone202457 gCO2/kWh
Singapore2025497 gCO2/kWh
Slovakia202595 gCO2/kWh
Slovenia2025188 gCO2/kWh
Solomon Islands2024600 gCO2/kWh
Somalia2024530 gCO2/kWh
South Africa2025699 gCO2/kWh
South Korea2025417 gCO2/kWh
South Sudan2024646 gCO2/kWh
Spain2025153 gCO2/kWh
Sri Lanka2025368 gCO2/kWh
Sudan2024154 gCO2/kWh
Suriname2024323 gCO2/kWh
Sweden202535 gCO2/kWh
Switzerland202539 gCO2/kWh
Syria2024706 gCO2/kWh
Taiwan2025634 gCO2/kWh
Tajikistan202573 gCO2/kWh
Tanzania2024344 gCO2/kWh
Thailand2025546 gCO2/kWh
Timor-Leste2024667 gCO2/kWh
Togo2024421 gCO2/kWh
Tonga2024571 gCO2/kWh
Trinidad and Tobago2024681 gCO2/kWh
Tunisia2025561 gCO2/kWh
Turkey2025476 gCO2/kWh
Turkmenistan20241,306 gCO2/kWh
Turks and Caicos Islands2024637 gCO2/kWh
Uganda202459 gCO2/kWh
Ukraine2022251 gCO2/kWh
United Arab Emirates2024468 gCO2/kWh
United Kingdom2025218 gCO2/kWh
United States2025384 gCO2/kWh
Uruguay202580 gCO2/kWh
US Virgin Islands2023640 gCO2/kWh
Uzbekistan20251,000 gCO2/kWh
Vanuatu2023500 gCO2/kWh
Venezuela202486 gCO2/kWh
Vietnam2025464 gCO2/kWh
Western Sahara2009667 gCO2/kWh
Yemen2024591 gCO2/kWh
Zambia2024126 gCO2/kWh
Zimbabwe2024384 gCO2/kWh

Key Facts

  • The world average carbon intensity of electricity generation was 459 gCO2/kWh in 2025, so 1,000 kWh emitted about 459 kg CO2 on average (Ember).
  • Among countries generating at least 10 TWh, Ethiopia had the cleanest grid at 23 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • Among countries generating at least 10 TWh, Turkmenistan had the most carbon intensive grid at 1,306 gCO2/kWh in 2024.
  • The calculator multiplies your electricity in kWh by a country's carbon intensity in grams of CO2 per kWh and divides by 1,000 to give kilograms.
  • It covers 212 countries, each at its own latest Ember year, named in the result.

Methodology, assumptions and caveats

  • Formula. Kilograms of CO2 = kWh x grams of CO2 per kWh / 1,000. Annual use for a monthly figure is the month x 12; for an electric car it is km x kWh per 100 km / 100; for an appliance it is kW x hours a day x 365.
  • Only Ember's figures. The carbon intensity is Ember's annual value for the country's latest year. This site does not add or estimate emission factors of its own.
  • Grid average, not marginal. The result is what a typical kWh from that grid emitted over the year. It does not say what the last extra unit of demand caused.
  • Annual average, not hourly. Emissions per kWh change hour by hour. Charging at a windy or sunny time is usually cleaner than the annual average; charging at a still, dark peak is usually dirtier.
  • Lifecycle and scope. The calculator covers the electricity only. It adds nothing for building power stations, panels, batteries, cars or appliances, for network losses, or for imports and exports, and it does not describe a petrol or gas alternative.
  • Defaults are examples. The starting values (3,500 kWh a year, 12,000 km at 18 kWh per 100 km, a 1 kW appliance for 2 hours a day) are illustrations, not averages for your country. Replace them with your own.
  • Large grid. "Cleanest" and "dirtiest" only count countries generating at least 10 TWh, so that a tiny island does not set the comparison.
  • Nothing is sent. The calculation runs in your browser.

Carbon footprint of electricity: common questions

How is the carbon footprint of my electricity calculated?

Your electricity use in kWh is multiplied by the average carbon intensity of your country's electricity generation, in grams of CO2 per kWh, and divided by 1,000 to give kilograms. The intensity is Ember's annual figure for the latest year available, shown next to the result.

Why does the same use give a different answer in different countries?

Countries generate electricity from different fuels. A grid built mostly on hydro, nuclear, wind and solar emits far less per kWh than one that burns mostly coal or gas. Among countries generating at least 10 TWh, the range in Ember's latest data runs from 23 gCO2/kWh (Ethiopia, 2025) to 1,306 gCO2/kWh (Turkmenistan, 2024).

Is this the emissions at the moment I use electricity?

No. It is an annual average, not the emissions of the hour you charge a car or run a dishwasher. Real emissions vary through the day with wind, sun and demand. It is also an average, not the marginal emissions of the extra power plant that responds to your extra use. The cleanest hours tool shows how the low carbon share of a grid varies by hour.

Does it include the emissions of making the car, panels or appliance?

No. It covers only the emissions attached to the electricity itself, as measured by Ember. It does not add manufacturing, transport, disposal, transmission losses inside your home, or charging losses beyond the efficiency figure you enter. See Ember's methodology for exactly which emissions its carbon intensity counts.

What about electricity imported from other countries?

Ember's carbon intensity describes electricity generated inside a country. It is not adjusted for imports and exports, so a country that imports a lot of power may have a footprint per kWh consumed that differs from the figure shown.

I have rooftop solar or a green tariff. How do I use this?

Enter only the electricity you take from the grid. A green tariff or certificates do not change the physical grid average, so the calculator does not adjust for them.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025 (annual statistics). Each country uses its latest available year, named in the result.