Estonia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions
Estonia generated 6.14 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Other fossil was the largest source at 38.9%, followed by bioenergy (21.8%) and solar (19.0%). Demand was 8.85 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 319 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through August 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.
Key Facts
- Estonia generated 6.14 TWh of electricity in 2025.
- Other fossil supplied 38.9% of Estonia's electricity in 2025.
- Bioenergy supplied 21.8% of Estonia's electricity in 2025.
- Solar supplied 19.0% of Estonia's electricity in 2025.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 59.8% of Estonia's generation in 2025.
- The carbon intensity of Estonia's electricity was 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
- Estonia's carbon intensity in 2025 was 50% lower than in 1990, when it was 640 gCO2/kWh.
- Estonia had the 82nd highest electricity demand among the 93 countries with Ember data for 2025.
Key Figures, 2025
| Measure | Value | As of / source |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 6.14 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Electricity demand | 8.85 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand per person | 6.62 MWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Net imports | 2.71 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Carbon intensity | 319 gCO2/kWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Power sector emissions | 1.96 MtCO2 | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand rank (countries with 2025 data) | 82 of 93 | 2025 · Ember |
Generation Mix, 2025
Year by Year
Ember annual statistics, 1990 to 2025| Year | Other fossil | Bioenergy | Solar | Wind | Gas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 16.2 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 960 GWh |
| 1991 | 13.7 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 970 GWh |
| 1992 | 11.5 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 290 GWh |
| 1993 | 8.99 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 130 GWh |
| 1994 | 8.93 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 220 GWh |
| 1995 | 8.42 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 260 GWh |
| 1996 | 8.80 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 290 GWh |
| 1997 | 8.95 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 260 GWh |
| 1998 | 8.27 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 270 GWh |
| 1999 | 8.03 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 230 GWh |
| 2000 | 7.90 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 0 TWh | n/a | 600 GWh |
| 2001 | 7.87 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 0 TWh | n/a | 600 GWh |
| 2002 | 7.97 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 530 GWh |
| 2003 | 9.61 TWh | 30.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 500 GWh |
| 2004 | 9.76 TWh | 30.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 490 GWh |
| 2005 | 9.55 TWh | 40.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 50.0 GWh | 540 GWh |
| 2006 | 9.06 TWh | 40.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 80.0 GWh | 540 GWh |
| 2007 | 11.7 TWh | 30.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 90.0 GWh | 340 GWh |
| 2008 | 9.96 TWh | 40.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 130 GWh | 420 GWh |
| 2009 | 8.13 TWh | 310 GWh | 0 TWh | 200 GWh | 110 GWh |
| 2010 | 11.6 TWh | 740 GWh | 0 TWh | 280 GWh | 300 GWh |
| 2011 | 11.5 TWh | 780 GWh | 0 TWh | 370 GWh | 250 GWh |
| 2012 | 10.4 TWh | 1.00 TWh | 0 TWh | 430 GWh | 130 GWh |
| 2013 | 12.0 TWh | 670 GWh | 0 TWh | 530 GWh | 90.0 GWh |
| 2014 | 11.0 TWh | 760 GWh | 0 TWh | 600 GWh | 70.0 GWh |
| 2015 | 8.53 TWh | 820 GWh | 0 TWh | 710 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2016 | 10.5 TWh | 950 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 590 GWh | 70.0 GWh |
| 2017 | 11.2 TWh | 1.10 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 720 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2018 | 10.3 TWh | 1.31 TWh | 30.0 GWh | 640 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2019 | 5.43 TWh | 1.36 TWh | 70.0 GWh | 690 GWh | 40.0 GWh |
| 2020 | 3.08 TWh | 1.85 TWh | 250 GWh | 840 GWh | 30.0 GWh |
| 2021 | 4.28 TWh | 1.77 TWh | 350 GWh | 730 GWh | 40.0 GWh |
| 2022 | 6.02 TWh | 1.57 TWh | 600 GWh | 670 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2023 | 2.92 TWh | 1.38 TWh | 720 GWh | 680 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2024 | 2.69 TWh | 1.34 TWh | 1.07 TWh | 1.04 TWh | 80.0 GWh |
| 2025 | 2.38 TWh | 1.34 TWh | 1.16 TWh | 1.14 TWh | 80.0 GWh |
| Year | Generation | Demand | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 6.14 TWh | 8.85 TWh | 319 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 6.25 TWh | 9.17 TWh | 344 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 5.74 TWh | 9.04 TWh | 395 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 8.94 TWh | 9.95 TWh | 487 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 7.19 TWh | 9.82 TWh | 450 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 6.08 TWh | 9.72 TWh | 404 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 7.61 TWh | 9.77 TWh | 511 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 12.4 TWh | 10.5 TWh | 574 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 13.2 TWh | 10.4 TWh | 583 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 12.2 TWh | 10.1 TWh | 588 gCO2/kWh |
Full year by year history for Estonia, 1990 to 2025
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.
Month by Month
Ember monthly statistics through August 2026| Month | Demand | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-09 | 550 GWh | 390 GWh |
| 2024-10 | 640 GWh | 410 GWh |
| 2024-11 | 710 GWh | 390 GWh |
| 2024-12 | 770 GWh | 470 GWh |
| 2025-01 | 770 GWh | 460 GWh |
| 2025-02 | 720 GWh | 470 GWh |
| 2025-03 | 700 GWh | 510 GWh |
| 2025-04 | 610 GWh | 500 GWh |
| 2025-05 | 600 GWh | 440 GWh |
| 2025-06 | 550 GWh | 380 GWh |
| 2025-07 | 580 GWh | 320 GWh |
| 2025-08 | 590 GWh | 270 GWh |
| 2025-09 | 590 GWh | 330 GWh |
| 2025-10 | 670 GWh | 360 GWh |
| 2025-11 | 720 GWh | 360 GWh |
| 2025-12 | 840 GWh | 390 GWh |
| 2026-01 | 950 GWh | 480 GWh |
| 2026-02 | 840 GWh | 490 GWh |
| 2026-03 | 700 GWh | 410 GWh |
| 2026-04 | 630 GWh | 380 GWh |
| 2026-05 | 590 GWh | 390 GWh |
| 2026-06 | 560 GWh | 330 GWh |
| 2026-07 | 560 GWh | 310 GWh |
| 2026-08 | 580 GWh | 370 GWh |
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of August 2026.
Estonia Electricity FAQ
What is the main source of electricity in Estonia?
Other fossil was the largest source of electricity in Estonia in 2025, supplying 38.9% of generation, followed by bioenergy (21.8%) and solar (19.0%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.
How much electricity does Estonia use?
Estonia used 8.85 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 6.62 MWh per person.
How clean is Estonia's electricity?
Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Estonia emitted 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 59.8% of generation. That is 31% below the world average of 459 gCO2/kWh.
Does Estonia import electricity?
Yes. Estonia imported 2.71 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.