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Built 2026-11-05 (5 November 2026)

Estonia vs Latvia: Electricity Compared

Estonia generated 6.14 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Latvia 6.23 TWh, according to Ember. Estonia's largest source was other fossil (38.9%); Latvia's was hydro (47.6%). Each kWh generated emitted 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia and 135 gCO2/kWh in Latvia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Who is bigger and who is cleaner? Estonia and Latvia generated about the same amount of electricity in 2025 (6.14 TWh and 6.23 TWh). Latvia has the cleaner electricity by carbon intensity, at 135 gCO2/kWh against 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia in 2025.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Open this comparison in the interactive tool to add more countries or change the metric.

Key Facts

  • Hydro supplied 47.6% of Latvia's electricity in 2025, against 0.5% in Estonia.
  • Estonia's electricity was 2.4 times as carbon intensive as Latvia's in 2025, at 319 gCO2/kWh against 135 gCO2/kWh.
  • Electricity demand rose 4% in Latvia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 9% in Estonia.
  • Low carbon sources supplied 59.8% of Estonia's electricity in 2025 and 73.5% of Latvia's.
  • Electricity demand in 2025 was 8.85 TWh in Estonia and 7.63 TWh in Latvia.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics
Measure Estonia Latvia
Total generation6.14 TWh6.23 TWh
Electricity demand8.85 TWh7.63 TWh
Demand per person6.62 MWh4.17 MWh
Carbon intensity319 gCO2/kWh135 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions1.96 MtCO20.84 MtCO2
Low carbon share59.8%73.5%
Largest sourceOther fossil 38.9%Hydro 47.6%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation
Source Estonia Latvia
Hydro 0.5% 47.6%
Other fossil 38.9% 0.0%
Gas 1.3% 26.5%
Bioenergy 21.8% 9.3%
Solar 18.9% 13.2%
Wind 18.6% 3.5%
Coal 0.0% 0.0%

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics
Carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia and Latvia, 1990 to 2025 Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Estonia and Latvia each year from 1990 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia and 135 gCO2/kWh in Latvia. 0 200 400 600 800 19901995200020052010201520202025
Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Estonia and Latvia each year from 1990 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia and 135 gCO2/kWh in Latvia.
Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
Carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia and Latvia, 1990 to 2025
YearEstoniaLatvia
1990640 gCO2/kWh153 gCO2/kWh
1991636 gCO2/kWh196 gCO2/kWh
1992650 gCO2/kWh154 gCO2/kWh
1993653 gCO2/kWh151 gCO2/kWh
1994650 gCO2/kWh165 gCO2/kWh
1995648 gCO2/kWh152 gCO2/kWh
1996648 gCO2/kWh231 gCO2/kWh
1997648 gCO2/kWh162 gCO2/kWh
1998647 gCO2/kWh131 gCO2/kWh
1999648 gCO2/kWh164 gCO2/kWh
2000634 gCO2/kWh146 gCO2/kWh
2001633 gCO2/kWh148 gCO2/kWh
2002636 gCO2/kWh166 gCO2/kWh
2003639 gCO2/kWh172 gCO2/kWh
2004639 gCO2/kWh138 gCO2/kWh
2005634 gCO2/kWh130 gCO2/kWh
2006632 gCO2/kWh172 gCO2/kWh
2007642 gCO2/kWh166 gCO2/kWh
2008634 gCO2/kWh159 gCO2/kWh
2009621 gCO2/kWh149 gCO2/kWh
2010610 gCO2/kWh180 gCO2/kWh
2011605 gCO2/kWh196 gCO2/kWh
2012592 gCO2/kWh147 gCO2/kWh
2013606 gCO2/kWh186 gCO2/kWh
2014597 gCO2/kWh204 gCO2/kWh
2015573 gCO2/kWh220 gCO2/kWh
2016588 gCO2/kWh205 gCO2/kWh
2017583 gCO2/kWh141 gCO2/kWh
2018574 gCO2/kWh215 gCO2/kWh
2019511 gCO2/kWh224 gCO2/kWh
2020404 gCO2/kWh176 gCO2/kWh
2021450 gCO2/kWh176 gCO2/kWh
2022487 gCO2/kWh136 gCO2/kWh
2023395 gCO2/kWh120 gCO2/kWh
2024344 gCO2/kWh135 gCO2/kWh
2025319 gCO2/kWh135 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics
Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Latvia, 1990 to 2025 Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Latvia each year from 1990 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 6.62 MWh in Estonia and 4.17 MWh in Latvia. 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 19901995200020052010201520202025
Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Latvia each year from 1990 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 6.62 MWh in Estonia and 4.17 MWh in Latvia.
Annual statistics through 2025, MWh
Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Latvia, 1990 to 2025
YearEstoniaLatvia
1990n/an/a
1991n/an/a
1992n/an/a
1993n/an/a
1994n/an/a
1995n/an/a
1996n/an/a
1997n/an/a
1998n/an/a
1999n/an/a
20005.43 MWh2.50 MWh
20015.67 MWh2.63 MWh
20025.68 MWh2.73 MWh
20036.03 MWh2.88 MWh
20046.25 MWh3.00 MWh
20056.34 MWh3.16 MWh
20066.67 MWh3.34 MWh
20077.28 MWh3.53 MWh
20087.21 MWh3.58 MWh
20096.64 MWh3.37 MWh
20107.30 MWh3.58 MWh
20117.03 MWh3.56 MWh
20127.35 MWh3.86 MWh
20137.35 MWh3.76 MWh
20147.38 MWh3.74 MWh
20157.02 MWh3.72 MWh
20167.70 MWh3.80 MWh
20177.92 MWh3.85 MWh
20187.92 MWh3.96 MWh
20197.36 MWh3.95 MWh
20207.31 MWh3.87 MWh
20217.37 MWh4.04 MWh
20227.37 MWh3.90 MWh
20236.61 MWh3.81 MWh
20246.75 MWh3.95 MWh
20256.62 MWh4.17 MWh

Estonia history · Latvia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Cite this page
APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2025). Estonia vs Latvia: Electricity Compared. https://worldpowermonitor.com/compare/estonia-vs-latvia/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Estonia vs Latvia: Electricity Compared. Data as of 2025. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/compare/estonia-vs-latvia/

BibTeX 
@misc{wpm_compare_estonia_vs_latvia_2025,
  title = {{Estonia vs Latvia: Electricity Compared}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2025},
  note = {Data as of 2025. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/compare/estonia-vs-latvia/}
}

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