Grid Twins: Countries With Almost the Same Electricity Mix, 2025

The two countries in the world with the most similar electricity mix are Bahrain and Turkmenistan: only 0.2% of their generation would have to switch fuel for one mix to match the other, so they are 99.8% the same. Both get most of their electricity from gas: 99.7% gas for Bahrain and 100.0% gas for Turkmenistan. This compares 159 countries generating at least 1 TWh a year, each at its own latest year in Ember's annual statistics (through 2025). 84 of them have a grid twin, a country that is their closest match while they are its closest match too.

Closest pair: Bahrain and Turkmenistan, 99.8% the same.

Key Facts, 2025

159 countries are compared, each at its own latest Ember year (through 2025); 54 countries generating under 1 TWh are left out because a mix that small can be one power station.
Bahrain and Turkmenistan have the closest mixes of any pair: 99.8% the same, 0.2% of generation would have to change fuel to match (Turkmenistan generates 0.3 points less solar than Bahrain).
The next closest pair is Bahrain and Trinidad and Tobago: 99.6% the same.
39 pairs of countries are within 5 points of each other, out of 12,561 possible pairs.
84 of 159 countries have a grid twin, a country that is their closest match while they are its closest match too.
El Salvador has the most unusual mix: even its closest match, Kenya, is only 61.2% the same.
Distance is half the sum of the differences between the two countries' fuel shares, in percentage points, so it is the share of generation that would have to change fuel.

The 25 Closest Pairs of Electricity Mixes

159 countries, Ember annual, each at its latest year through 2025

Coal
Gas
Other fossil
Hydro
Bioenergy
Wind
Solar
Other renewables

The 25 pairs of countries with the closest electricity mixes, closest first. Each row shows both mixes as stacked bars.
#	Two countries and their mixes	The same	Biggest difference
1	Bahrain 38.0 TWh Gas 99.7% Solar 0.3% Turkmenistan 33.0 TWh Gas 100.0%	99.8%	Turkmenistan generates 0.3 points less solar than Bahrain
2	Bahrain 38.0 TWh Gas 99.7% Solar 0.3% Trinidad and Tobago 9.55 TWh Gas 99.5% Other fossil 0.4% Solar 0.1%	99.6%	Trinidad and Tobago generates 0.4 points more other fossil than Bahrain
3	Trinidad and Tobago 9.55 TWh Gas 99.5% Other fossil 0.4% Solar 0.1% Turkmenistan 33.0 TWh Gas 100.0%	99.5%	Turkmenistan generates 0.5 points more gas than Trinidad and Tobago
4	Bhutan 11.0 TWh Hydro 100.0% Paraguay 45.4 TWh Hydro 99.5% Bioenergy 0.5%	99.5%	Paraguay generates 0.5 points more bioenergy than Bhutan
5	Algeria 96.4 TWh Gas 98.6% Other fossil 0.3% Solar 1.0% Trinidad and Tobago 9.55 TWh Gas 99.5% Other fossil 0.4% Solar 0.1%	99.1%	Trinidad and Tobago generates 0.9 points less solar than Algeria
6	Kyrgyzstan 12.7 TWh Coal 5.7% Gas 0.7% Hydro 93.6% Tajikistan 24.0 TWh Coal 4.7% Gas 0.9% Hydro 94.4%	99.0%	Tajikistan generates 1.0 points less coal than Kyrgyzstan
7	Algeria 96.4 TWh Gas 98.6% Other fossil 0.3% Solar 1.0% Bahrain 38.0 TWh Gas 99.7% Solar 0.3%	98.9%	Bahrain generates 1.2 points more gas than Algeria
8	Bhutan 11.0 TWh Hydro 100.0% Nepal 11.1 TWh Hydro 98.8% Wind 0.1% Solar 1.1%	98.8%	Nepal generates 1.2 points less hydro than Bhutan
9	Nepal 11.1 TWh Hydro 98.8% Wind 0.1% Solar 1.1% Paraguay 45.4 TWh Hydro 99.5% Bioenergy 0.5%	98.8%	Paraguay generates 1.1 points less solar than Nepal
10	Algeria 96.4 TWh Gas 98.6% Other fossil 0.3% Solar 1.0% Turkmenistan 33.0 TWh Gas 100.0%	98.6%	Turkmenistan generates 1.4 points more gas than Algeria
11	Iraq 150 TWh Gas 53.0% Other fossil 45.4% Hydro 1.3% Solar 0.3% Syria 24.9 TWh Gas 52.3% Other fossil 44.2% Hydro 3.0% Bioenergy 0.1% Solar 0.4%	98.1%	Syria generates 1.7 points more hydro than Iraq
12	Cote d'Ivoire 10.8 TWh Gas 70.9% Other fossil 0.2% Hydro 27.8% Bioenergy 0.9% Solar 0.2% Equatorial Guinea 1.49 TWh Gas 72.5% Other fossil 0.7% Hydro 26.9%	97.9%	Equatorial Guinea generates 1.6 points more gas than Cote d'Ivoire
13	Barbados 1.11 TWh Gas 2.7% Other fossil 88.3% Solar 9.0% Yemen 5.25 TWh Gas 1.1% Other fossil 87.6% Solar 11.2%	97.8%	Yemen generates 2.2 points more solar than Barbados
14	Qatar 57.2 TWh Gas 96.0% Bioenergy 0.2% Solar 3.8% Tunisia 22.3 TWh Gas 95.1% Other fossil 1.0% Wind 1.3% Solar 2.5%	97.6%	Tunisia generates 1.3 points more wind than Qatar
15	Bahamas 2.25 TWh Other fossil 99.1% Solar 0.9% Guyana 1.38 TWh Gas 0.7% Other fossil 96.4% Bioenergy 1.5% Solar 1.5%	97.3%	Guyana generates 2.7 points less other fossil than the Bahamas
16	Algeria 96.4 TWh Gas 98.6% Other fossil 0.3% Solar 1.0% Qatar 57.2 TWh Gas 96.0% Bioenergy 0.2% Solar 3.8%	97.1%	Qatar generates 2.7 points more solar than Algeria
17	Barbados 1.11 TWh Gas 2.7% Other fossil 88.3% Solar 9.0% Guam 1.86 TWh Other fossil 91.4% Solar 8.6%	96.9%	Guam generates 3.1 points more other fossil than Barbados
18	Ethiopia 33.4 TWh Hydro 96.5% Wind 3.3% Solar 0.1% Other renewables 0.1% Nepal 11.1 TWh Hydro 98.8% Wind 0.1% Solar 1.1%	96.7%	Nepal generates 3.2 points less wind than Ethiopia
19	Ecuador 36.6 TWh Gas 2.6% Other fossil 18.0% Hydro 77.9% Bioenergy 0.8% Wind 0.5% Solar 0.1% Sudan 14.8 TWh Other fossil 20.3% Hydro 77.9% Bioenergy 0.7% Solar 1.1%	96.7%	Sudan generates 2.6 points less gas than Ecuador
20	Algeria 96.4 TWh Gas 98.6% Other fossil 0.3% Solar 1.0% Tunisia 22.3 TWh Gas 95.1% Other fossil 1.0% Wind 1.3% Solar 2.5%	96.5%	Tunisia generates 3.5 points less gas than Algeria
21	Bhutan 11.0 TWh Hydro 100.0% Ethiopia 33.4 TWh Hydro 96.5% Wind 3.3% Solar 0.1% Other renewables 0.1%	96.5%	Ethiopia generates 3.5 points less hydro than Bhutan
22	Ethiopia 33.4 TWh Hydro 96.5% Wind 3.3% Solar 0.1% Other renewables 0.1% Paraguay 45.4 TWh Hydro 99.5% Bioenergy 0.5%	96.5%	Paraguay generates 3.3 points less wind than Ethiopia
23	Oman 52.9 TWh Gas 91.9% Other fossil 3.6% Wind 0.2% Solar 4.4% Singapore 60.1 TWh Coal 1.0% Gas 91.1% Other fossil 2.5% Bioenergy 2.8% Solar 2.7%	96.3%	Singapore generates 2.8 points more bioenergy than Oman
24	Bahrain 38.0 TWh Gas 99.7% Solar 0.3% Qatar 57.2 TWh Gas 96.0% Bioenergy 0.2% Solar 3.8%	96.3%	Qatar generates 3.7 points less gas than Bahrain
25	Guam 1.86 TWh Other fossil 91.4% Solar 8.6% Yemen 5.25 TWh Gas 1.1% Other fossil 87.6% Solar 11.2%	96.2%	Yemen generates 3.8 points less other fossil than Guam

Each bar is 100% of one country's generation. A country can appear in several pairs when many grids run on the same fuel. The total beside each bar is that country's generation in its latest year.

Every Country's Closest Match

159 countries generating at least 1 TWh

Every country compared, with its closest electricity mix. Column headings sort the table; the search box filters by either country.
Country	Generation	Closest match	The same	Biggest difference	Grid twin
China	10,506 TWh	India	83.9%	India generates 16.1 points more coal than China	No
United States	4,520 TWh	Russia	80.4%	Russia generates 11.4 points more hydro than the United States	Yes
India	2,080 TWh	South Africa	87.3%	South Africa generates 10.5 points more coal than India	No
Russia	1,194 TWh	United States	80.4%	The United States generates 11.4 points less hydro than Russia	Yes
Japan	1,027 TWh	South Korea	79.7%	South Korea generates 20.3 points more nuclear than Japan	Yes
Brazil	764 TWh	Austria	90.1%	Austria generates 4.1 points more gas than Brazil	Yes
Canada	660 TWh	Panama	85.2%	Panama generates 12.9 points less nuclear than Canada	Yes
South Korea	628 TWh	Japan	79.7%	Japan generates 20.3 points less nuclear than South Korea	Yes
France	574 TWh	Slovakia	86.1%	Slovakia generates 8.8 points less wind than France	Yes
Indonesia	528 TWh	Philippines	82.7%	The Philippines generates 10.7 points less coal than Indonesia	No
Germany	497 TWh	Lithuania	78.6%	Lithuania generates 21.0 points less coal than Germany	Yes
Saudi Arabia	471 TWh	Kuwait	94.9%	Kuwait generates 3.6 points less solar than Saudi Arabia	Yes
Iran	399 TWh	Libya	94.6%	Libya generates 4.1 points more other fossil than Iran	No
Mexico	390 TWh	Uzbekistan	93.9%	Uzbekistan generates 3.3 points more coal than Mexico	Yes
Turkey	354 TWh	North Macedonia	78.5%	North Macedonia generates 17.7 points more solar than Turkey	No
Vietnam	329 TWh	Cambodia	88.5%	Cambodia generates 8.8 points more coal than Vietnam	No
United Kingdom	293 TWh	Netherlands	75.0%	The Netherlands generates 14.5 points more solar than the United Kingdom	No
Taiwan	289 TWh	Hong Kong	84.7%	Hong Kong generates 15.3 points more gas than Taiwan	No
Spain	288 TWh	Belgium	78.7%	Belgium generates 14.7 points more nuclear than Spain	Yes
Australia	286 TWh	Poland	86.4%	Poland generates 9.1 points less solar than Australia	Yes
Italy	266 TWh	Argentina	79.6%	Argentina generates 13.4 points less solar than Italy	No
South Africa	243 TWh	Mongolia	89.6%	Mongolia generates 5.9 points less solar than South Africa	No
Egypt	242 TWh	Uzbekistan	88.1%	Uzbekistan generates 8.1 points less other fossil than Egypt	No
Malaysia	210 TWh	Kazakhstan	82.4%	Kazakhstan generates 13.5 points more coal than Malaysia	No
Thailand	201 TWh	Bangladesh	80.5%	Bangladesh generates 12.0 points more other fossil than Thailand	No
United Arab Emirates	184 TWh	Malta	78.7%	Malta generates 21.2 points less nuclear than the United Arab Emirates	No
Poland	173 TWh	Australia	86.4%	Australia generates 9.1 points more solar than Poland	Yes
Pakistan	171 TWh	Romania	81.3%	Romania generates 11.5 points less solar than Pakistan	Yes
Sweden	170 TWh	Finland	73.7%	Finland generates 24.9 points less hydro than Sweden	Yes
Norway	161 TWh	Ethiopia	93.5%	Ethiopia generates 6.5 points more hydro than Norway	No
Argentina	153 TWh	Moldova	82.2%	Moldova generates 8.0 points more gas than Argentina	No
Iraq	150 TWh	Syria	98.1%	Syria generates 1.7 points more hydro than Iraq	Yes
Netherlands	135 TWh	Greece	85.4%	Greece generates 5.9 points more hydro than the Netherlands	Yes
Kazakhstan	124 TWh	Philippines	87.3%	The Philippines generates 9.8 points less gas than Kazakhstan	Yes
Philippines	123 TWh	Kazakhstan	87.3%	Kazakhstan generates 9.8 points more gas than the Philippines	Yes
Ukraine	112 TWh	Bulgaria	78.5%	Bulgaria generates 16.7 points less nuclear than Ukraine	No
Bangladesh	103 TWh	Hong Kong	87.4%	Hong Kong generates 12.1 points more coal than Bangladesh	Yes
Algeria	96.4 TWh	Trinidad and Tobago	99.1%	Trinidad and Tobago generates 0.9 points less solar than Algeria	No
Colombia	91.0 TWh	Cameroon	87.3%	Cameroon generates 8.4 points more gas than Colombia	No
Kuwait	89.2 TWh	Saudi Arabia	94.9%	Saudi Arabia generates 3.6 points more solar than Kuwait	Yes
Chile	88.5 TWh	North Macedonia	81.3%	North Macedonia generates 12.9 points more coal than Chile	Yes
Uzbekistan	86.7 TWh	Mexico	93.9%	Mexico generates 3.3 points less coal than Uzbekistan	Yes
Finland	82.2 TWh	Sweden	73.7%	Sweden generates 24.9 points more hydro than Finland	Yes
Israel	82.1 TWh	Malta	95.8%	Malta generates 3.4 points less coal than Israel	Yes
Venezuela	80.1 TWh	Malawi	95.5%	Malawi generates 4.5 points less gas than Venezuela	Yes
Czechia	75.4 TWh	Bulgaria	79.9%	Bulgaria generates 12.7 points less coal than Czechia	Yes
Austria	73.2 TWh	Brazil	90.1%	Brazil generates 4.1 points less gas than Austria	Yes
Belgium	72.1 TWh	Spain	78.7%	Spain generates 14.7 points less nuclear than Belgium	Yes
Switzerland	65.0 TWh	Sweden	73.2%	Sweden generates 22.6 points more wind than Switzerland	No
Peru	60.5 TWh	Myanmar	84.0%	Myanmar generates 10.0 points more gas than Peru	Yes
Singapore	60.1 TWh	Oman	96.3%	Oman generates 2.8 points less bioenergy than Singapore	Yes
Greece	57.9 TWh	Netherlands	85.4%	The Netherlands generates 5.9 points less hydro than Greece	Yes
Qatar	57.2 TWh	Tunisia	97.6%	Tunisia generates 1.3 points more wind than Qatar	Yes
Oman	52.9 TWh	Singapore	96.3%	Singapore generates 2.8 points more bioenergy than Oman	Yes
Laos	52.3 TWh	Zambia	87.5%	Zambia generates 12.5 points less coal than Laos	No
Portugal	51.1 TWh	Croatia	83.1%	Croatia generates 9.6 points more hydro than Portugal	Yes
Romania	49.9 TWh	Pakistan	81.3%	Pakistan generates 11.5 points more solar than Romania	Yes
Belarus	45.4 TWh	United Arab Emirates	78.6%	The United Arab Emirates generates 16.2 points less nuclear than Belarus	No
Paraguay	45.4 TWh	Bhutan	99.5%	Bhutan generates 0.5 points less bioenergy than Paraguay	Yes
Morocco	44.2 TWh	Poland	85.7%	Poland generates 11.8 points less coal than Morocco	No
New Zealand	43.6 TWh	Costa Rica	77.3%	Costa Rica generates 20.4 points more hydro than New Zealand	No
Nigeria	42.5 TWh	Cote d'Ivoire	96.2%	Cote d'Ivoire generates 3.7 points less hydro than Nigeria	No
Hungary	40.2 TWh	Belgium	76.2%	Belgium generates 17.2 points more wind than Hungary	No
Bulgaria	38.1 TWh	Czechia	79.9%	Czechia generates 12.7 points more coal than Bulgaria	Yes
Bahrain	38.0 TWh	Turkmenistan	99.8%	Turkmenistan generates 0.3 points less solar than Bahrain	Yes
Hong Kong	37.4 TWh	Bangladesh	87.4%	Bangladesh generates 12.1 points less coal than Hong Kong	Yes
Ecuador	36.6 TWh	Sudan	96.7%	Sudan generates 2.6 points less gas than Ecuador	Yes
Serbia	36.0 TWh	India	82.4%	India generates 13.7 points less hydro than Serbia	No
Libya	34.6 TWh	Benin	96.1%	Benin generates 4.0 points more solar than Libya	Yes
Denmark	34.5 TWh	Lithuania	73.8%	Lithuania generates 16.1 points more gas than Denmark	No
Ethiopia	33.4 TWh	Nepal	96.7%	Nepal generates 3.2 points less wind than Ethiopia	No
Turkmenistan	33.0 TWh	Bahrain	99.8%	Bahrain generates 0.3 points more solar than Turkmenistan	Yes
Ireland	31.3 TWh	Greece	73.5%	Greece generates 16.8 points less wind than Ireland	No
Slovakia	29.1 TWh	France	86.1%	France generates 8.8 points more wind than Slovakia	Yes
Azerbaijan	27.6 TWh	Singapore	89.6%	Singapore generates 10.3 points less hydro than Azerbaijan	No
North Korea	27.1 TWh	Zimbabwe	90.0%	Zimbabwe generates 8.8 points more coal than North Korea	Yes
Syria	24.9 TWh	Iraq	98.1%	Iraq generates 1.7 points less hydro than Syria	Yes
Ghana	24.3 TWh	Tanzania	96.0%	Tanzania generates 3.8 points less hydro than Ghana	Yes
Tajikistan	24.0 TWh	Kyrgyzstan	99.0%	Kyrgyzstan generates 1.0 points more coal than Tajikistan	Yes
Jordan	23.7 TWh	Moldova	84.8%	Moldova generates 11.7 points more hydro than Jordan	No
Dominican Republic	22.6 TWh	Japan	77.0%	Japan generates 18.0 points less other fossil than the Dominican Republic	No
Tunisia	22.3 TWh	Qatar	97.6%	Qatar generates 1.3 points less wind than Tunisia	Yes
Myanmar	21.7 TWh	Peru	84.0%	Peru generates 10.0 points less gas than Myanmar	Yes
Mozambique	19.8 TWh	Georgia	94.7%	Georgia generates 4.7 points more gas than Mozambique	Yes
Zambia	19.7 TWh	Kyrgyzstan	91.9%	Kyrgyzstan generates 7.4 points more hydro than Zambia	No
Puerto Rico	19.5 TWh	Iraq	75.2%	Iraq generates 23.5 points more gas than Puerto Rico	No
Cuba	19.4 TWh	Barbados	86.3%	Barbados generates 10.9 points less gas than Cuba	No
Iceland	18.3 TWh	Costa Rica	83.2%	Costa Rica generates 16.8 points less other renewables than Iceland	No
Cambodia	17.8 TWh	Bosnia and Herzegovina	90.9%	Bosnia and Herzegovina generates 6.6 points less solar than Cambodia	Yes
Sri Lanka	17.7 TWh	Vietnam	77.1%	Vietnam generates 16.9 points more coal than Sri Lanka	No
Democratic Republic of the Congo	15.9 TWh	Albania	89.9%	Albania generates 10.2 points more hydro than the Democratic Republic of the Congo	No
Guatemala	15.8 TWh	Sri Lanka	72.0%	Sri Lanka generates 21.0 points less bioenergy than Guatemala	No
Angola	15.6 TWh	Ecuador	90.9%	Ecuador generates 7.4 points more hydro than Angola	No
Slovenia	15.0 TWh	Bulgaria	78.0%	Bulgaria generates 20.6 points less hydro than Slovenia	No
Sudan	14.8 TWh	Ecuador	96.7%	Ecuador generates 2.6 points more gas than Sudan	Yes
Croatia	14.7 TWh	Portugal	83.1%	Portugal generates 9.6 points less hydro than Croatia	Yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina	14.6 TWh	Cambodia	90.9%	Cambodia generates 6.6 points more solar than Bosnia and Herzegovina	Yes
Kenya	14.1 TWh	El Salvador	61.2%	El Salvador generates 21.7 points less other renewables than Kenya	Yes
Bolivia	13.6 TWh	Tanzania	93.1%	Tanzania generates 3.8 points more hydro than Bolivia	No
Georgia	13.5 TWh	Mozambique	94.7%	Mozambique generates 4.7 points less gas than Georgia	Yes
Panama	13.4 TWh	Canada	85.2%	Canada generates 12.9 points more nuclear than Panama	Yes
Kyrgyzstan	12.7 TWh	Tajikistan	99.0%	Tajikistan generates 1.0 points less coal than Kyrgyzstan	Yes
Honduras	12.5 TWh	Suriname	75.7%	Suriname generates 21.3 points more hydro than Honduras	No
Uruguay	12.0 TWh	Denmark	70.1%	Denmark generates 27.3 points less hydro than Uruguay	No
Costa Rica	11.8 TWh	Norway	83.9%	Norway generates 15.1 points more hydro than Costa Rica	No
Nepal	11.1 TWh	Bhutan	98.8%	Bhutan generates 1.2 points more hydro than Nepal	No
Bhutan	11.0 TWh	Paraguay	99.5%	Paraguay generates 0.5 points more bioenergy than Bhutan	Yes
Cote d'Ivoire	10.8 TWh	Equatorial Guinea	97.9%	Equatorial Guinea generates 1.6 points more gas than Cote d'Ivoire	Yes
Zimbabwe	10.3 TWh	North Korea	90.0%	North Korea generates 8.8 points less coal than Zimbabwe	Yes
Mongolia	9.71 TWh	Kosovo	92.3%	Kosovo generates 5.7 points less other fossil than Mongolia	Yes
Trinidad and Tobago	9.55 TWh	Bahrain	99.6%	Bahrain generates 0.4 points less other fossil than Trinidad and Tobago	No
Lithuania	8.85 TWh	Germany	78.6%	Germany generates 21.0 points more coal than Lithuania	Yes
Tanzania	8.84 TWh	Ghana	96.0%	Ghana generates 3.8 points more hydro than Tanzania	Yes
Armenia	8.50 TWh	Russia	75.0%	Russia generates 17.7 points more coal than Armenia	No
Senegal	7.63 TWh	Mauritania	93.9%	Mauritania generates 6.1 points more hydro than Senegal	Yes
Cameroon	7.26 TWh	Georgia	92.5%	Georgia generates 6.8 points more hydro than Cameroon	No
Albania	7.11 TWh	Nepal	95.4%	Nepal generates 4.6 points less solar than Albania	No
North Macedonia	7.11 TWh	Chile	81.3%	Chile generates 12.9 points less coal than North Macedonia	Yes
El Salvador	6.57 TWh	Kenya	61.2%	Kenya generates 21.7 points more other renewables than El Salvador	Yes
Latvia	6.23 TWh	Austria	82.4%	Austria generates 14.6 points less gas than Latvia	No
Estonia	6.14 TWh	Nicaragua	70.8%	Nicaragua generates 18.3 points less solar than Estonia	Yes
Mali	5.96 TWh	Mauritania	90.3%	Mauritania generates 5.3 points less hydro than Mali	No
Kosovo	5.86 TWh	Mongolia	92.3%	Mongolia generates 5.7 points more other fossil than Kosovo	Yes
Uganda	5.81 TWh	Malawi	92.3%	Malawi generates 6.3 points more hydro than Uganda	No
Cyprus	5.77 TWh	Senegal	88.4%	Senegal generates 11.7 points less solar than Cyprus	No
Brunei	5.56 TWh	Bangladesh	85.2%	Bangladesh generates 14.8 points less gas than Brunei	No
Republic of the Congo	5.46 TWh	Equatorial Guinea	93.3%	Equatorial Guinea generates 6.7 points more hydro than the Republic of the Congo	No
Lebanon	5.34 TWh	Cyprus	77.5%	Cyprus generates 18.8 points more other fossil than Lebanon	No
Yemen	5.25 TWh	Barbados	97.8%	Barbados generates 2.2 points less solar than Yemen	Yes
Jamaica	4.92 TWh	Saudi Arabia	90.8%	Saudi Arabia generates 6.8 points more gas than Jamaica	No
Papua New Guinea	4.73 TWh	Mali	72.9%	Mali generates 23.5 points more other fossil than Papua New Guinea	No
Nicaragua	4.52 TWh	Estonia	70.8%	Estonia generates 18.3 points more solar than Nicaragua	Yes
Guinea	4.03 TWh	Sudan	95.5%	Sudan generates 4.5 points less other fossil than Guinea	No
Botswana	3.43 TWh	Kosovo	89.6%	Kosovo generates 9.0 points less coal than Botswana	No
Mauritius	3.41 TWh	New Caledonia	81.6%	New Caledonia generates 14.1 points more hydro than Mauritius	Yes
New Caledonia	3.12 TWh	Mauritius	81.6%	Mauritius generates 14.1 points less hydro than New Caledonia	Yes
Reunion	3.07 TWh	Guadeloupe	66.7%	Guadeloupe generates 21.2 points more other fossil than Reunion	No
Moldova	2.92 TWh	Mexico	87.2%	Mexico generates 6.0 points more gas than Moldova	No
Gabon	2.60 TWh	Ghana	81.7%	Ghana generates 18.0 points less other fossil than Gabon	No
Madagascar	2.43 TWh	New Caledonia	78.5%	New Caledonia generates 19.7 points less hydro than Madagascar	No
Montenegro	2.43 TWh	North Korea	85.2%	North Korea generates 12.3 points less wind than Montenegro	No
Bahamas	2.25 TWh	Guyana	97.3%	Guyana generates 2.7 points less other fossil than the Bahamas	Yes
Malta	2.23 TWh	Israel	95.8%	Israel generates 3.4 points more coal than Malta	Yes
Mauritania	2.07 TWh	Senegal	93.9%	Senegal generates 6.1 points less hydro than Mauritania	Yes
Guam	1.86 TWh	Barbados	96.9%	Barbados generates 3.1 points less other fossil than Guam	No
Malawi	1.83 TWh	Venezuela	95.5%	Venezuela generates 4.5 points more gas than Malawi	Yes
Suriname	1.74 TWh	Fiji	89.4%	Fiji generates 9.9 points more bioenergy than Suriname	Yes
Burkina Faso	1.69 TWh	Senegal	90.7%	Senegal generates 5.4 points more wind than Burkina Faso	No
Guadeloupe	1.67 TWh	Martinique	76.3%	Martinique generates 22.7 points more other fossil than Guadeloupe	No
Namibia	1.64 TWh	Democratic Republic of the Congo	76.7%	The Democratic Republic of the Congo generates 23.2 points more hydro than Namibia	No
Luxembourg	1.60 TWh	Lithuania	71.2%	Lithuania generates 15.6 points less bioenergy than Luxembourg	No
Martinique	1.51 TWh	Burkina Faso	86.0%	Burkina Faso generates 10.6 points less bioenergy than Martinique	No
Equatorial Guinea	1.49 TWh	Cote d'Ivoire	97.9%	Cote d'Ivoire generates 1.6 points less gas than Equatorial Guinea	Yes
Guyana	1.38 TWh	Bahamas	97.3%	The Bahamas generates 2.7 points more other fossil than Guyana	Yes
Fiji	1.15 TWh	Suriname	89.4%	Suriname generates 9.9 points less bioenergy than Fiji	Yes
Rwanda	1.13 TWh	Panama	81.6%	Panama generates 11.3 points less coal than Rwanda	No
Barbados	1.11 TWh	Yemen	97.8%	Yemen generates 2.2 points more solar than Barbados	Yes
Benin	1.01 TWh	Libya	96.1%	Libya generates 4.0 points less solar than Benin	Yes
Aruba	1.00 TWh	Senegal	87.0%	Senegal generates 8.6 points less wind than Aruba	No

54 countries generate under 1 TWh a year and are not compared. Each country page lists its 5 closest matches.

How Closeness Is Measured

For each fuel, take the gap between the two countries' shares of generation in percentage points, add the gaps up across all fuels and halve the total. The result is the share of generation that would have to come from a different fuel for one mix to match the other, from 0% (identical) to 100% (nothing in common). "The same" is 100% minus that figure. Halving matters: without it, moving one slice from coal to gas would be counted twice.
The biggest difference names the one fuel where the two shares are furthest apart, for example: Turkmenistan generates 0.3 points less solar than Bahrain. It says nothing about the smaller gaps behind the total.
Only grids generating at least 1 TWh in their latest Ember year are compared, on both sides. Below that a mix can be one diesel set or one dam, so it would match other tiny grids by chance. 54 countries fall below that line; they keep their country pages.
Each country is taken at its own latest year with a generation total, which is 2025, or an earlier year for 63 countries. Shares are of electricity generated inside the country: imports and exports are not in them. They are the same shares the mix page draws, where a share too small to see is dropped and shares that do not add up to 100% are rescaled.
A match is about fuel shares only. Two grids can share a mix and still differ in size, carbon intensity or how much they import, which each country page shows separately. Ties between equally close countries are broken by name, so the order never changes between builds.
A grid twin is a pair where each country is the other's closest match; 42 pairs qualify. A country can be someone's closest match without being its twin, because the match does not have to go both ways.

Grid Twins FAQ

Which two countries have the most similar electricity mix?

Bahrain and Turkmenistan, according to Ember's annual statistics through 2025. Bahrain generated 38.0 TWh in 2024 and Turkmenistan generated 33.0 TWh in 2024. Only 0.2% of generation would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other. Both get most of their electricity from gas: 99.7% gas for Bahrain and 100.0% gas for Turkmenistan.

How is the similarity of two electricity mixes measured?

For each fuel, take the difference between the two countries' shares of generation in percentage points, add up those differences across all fuels and halve the total. The result runs from 0 (identical mixes) to 100 (nothing in common) and is the share of generation that would have to come from a different fuel for one mix to match the other. "% the same" is 100 minus that distance.

Which country has the most unusual electricity mix?

El Salvador, of the 159 countries compared. Its closest match, Kenya, is 61.2% the same, further away than the closest match of any other country.

What is a grid twin?

Two countries are grid twins when each is the other's single closest match. 84 of the 159 countries compared have one. A country can be someone's closest match without being its twin, because the match does not have to go both ways.

Why are some countries missing?

54 countries generated under 1 TWh in their latest Ember year. Their mix can be a single power station or dam, so it says little about how a grid is built, and it would match other tiny grids by chance. They keep their country pages but are not compared here.

Does a similar electricity mix mean a similar carbon intensity?

Usually, because the mix decides most of a grid's emissions, but not exactly. This page compares shares of generation by fuel only, not how clean each fuel plant is, how much is imported, or how big the grid is. Each country page shows its carbon intensity and imports separately.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025. Annual statistics; each country shown at its own latest reported year.