Madagascar Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions
Madagascar generated 2.43 TWh of electricity in 2024, according to Ember. Hydro was the largest source at 37.0%, followed by other fossil (37.0%) and coal (20.6%). Demand was 2.43 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 434 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2024; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.
Key Facts
- Madagascar generated 2.43 TWh of electricity in 2024.
- Hydro supplied 37.0% of Madagascar's electricity in 2024.
- Other fossil supplied 37.0% of Madagascar's electricity in 2024.
- Coal supplied 20.6% of Madagascar's electricity in 2024.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 42.4% of Madagascar's generation in 2024.
- The carbon intensity of Madagascar's electricity was 434 gCO2/kWh in 2024.
- Madagascar's carbon intensity in 2024 was 70% higher than in 2000, when it was 255 gCO2/kWh.
- Madagascar had the 146th highest electricity demand among the 197 countries with Ember data for 2024.
Key Figures, 2024
| Measure | Value | As of / source |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 2.43 TWh | 2024 · Ember |
| Electricity demand | 2.43 TWh | 2024 · Ember |
| Demand per person | 0.08 MWh | 2024 · Ember |
| Net imports | 0 TWh | 2024 · Ember |
| Carbon intensity | 434 gCO2/kWh | 2024 · Ember |
| Power sector emissions | 1.05 MtCO2 | 2024 · Ember |
| Demand rank (countries with 2024 data) | 146 of 197 | 2024 · Ember |
Generation Mix, 2024
| Source | Generation | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 900 GWh | 37.0% |
| Other fossil | 900 GWh | 37.0% |
| Coal | 500 GWh | 20.6% |
| Solar | 100 GWh | 4.1% |
| Bioenergy | 30.0 GWh | 1.2% |
Year by Year
Ember annual statistics, 2000 to 2024| Year | Hydro | Other fossil | Coal | Solar | Bioenergy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 540 GWh | 310 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2001 | 530 GWh | 340 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2002 | 540 GWh | 310 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2003 | 600 GWh | 350 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2004 | 630 GWh | 410 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2005 | 640 GWh | 410 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2006 | 630 GWh | 430 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2007 | 710 GWh | 400 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2008 | 690 GWh | 480 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2009 | 730 GWh | 450 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2010 | 700 GWh | 590 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2011 | 680 GWh | 700 GWh | 70.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2012 | 750 GWh | 710 GWh | 80.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2013 | 800 GWh | 740 GWh | 80.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2014 | 880 GWh | 720 GWh | 90.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2015 | 930 GWh | 740 GWh | 80.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2016 | 880 GWh | 900 GWh | 80.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2017 | 780 GWh | 1.03 TWh | 120 GWh | 20.0 GWh | 30.0 GWh |
| 2018 | 960 GWh | 890 GWh | 460 GWh | 40.0 GWh | 30.0 GWh |
| 2019 | 890 GWh | 1.04 TWh | 480 GWh | 40.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2020 | 820 GWh | 1.07 TWh | 210 GWh | 40.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2021 | 770 GWh | 1.22 TWh | 470 GWh | 40.0 GWh | 30.0 GWh |
| 2022 | 820 GWh | 1.20 TWh | 510 GWh | 80.0 GWh | 30.0 GWh |
| 2023 | 980 GWh | 880 GWh | 510 GWh | 80.0 GWh | 30.0 GWh |
| 2024 | 900 GWh | 900 GWh | 500 GWh | 100 GWh | 30.0 GWh |
| Year | Generation | Demand | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2.43 TWh | 2.43 TWh | 434 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 2.48 TWh | 2.48 TWh | 423 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 2.64 TWh | 2.64 TWh | 476 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 2.53 TWh | 2.53 TWh | 487 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 2.16 TWh | 2.16 TWh | 421 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 2.47 TWh | 2.47 TWh | 455 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 2.38 TWh | 2.38 TWh | 425 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 1.98 TWh | 1.98 TWh | 408 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 1.90 TWh | 1.90 TWh | 362 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 1.79 TWh | 1.79 TWh | 326 gCO2/kWh |
Full year by year history for Madagascar, 2000 to 2024
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.
Madagascar Electricity FAQ
What is the main source of electricity in Madagascar?
Hydro was the largest source of electricity in Madagascar in 2024, supplying 37.0% of generation, followed by other fossil (37.0%) and coal (20.6%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.
How much electricity does Madagascar use?
Madagascar used 2.43 TWh of electricity in 2024, about 0.08 MWh per person.
How clean is Madagascar's electricity?
Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Madagascar emitted 434 gCO2/kWh in 2024, and low carbon sources supplied 42.4% of generation. That is 8% below the world average of 472 gCO2/kWh.