South Africa Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions
South Africa generated 243 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source at 81.4%, followed by solar (8.1%) and wind (4.7%). Demand was 237 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 699 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through August 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.
Key Facts
- South Africa generated 243 TWh of electricity in 2025.
- Coal supplied 81.4% of South Africa's electricity in 2025.
- Solar supplied 8.1% of South Africa's electricity in 2025.
- Wind supplied 4.7% of South Africa's electricity in 2025.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 17.8% of South Africa's generation in 2025.
- The carbon intensity of South Africa's electricity was 699 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
- South Africa's carbon intensity in 2025 was 13% lower than in 2000, when it was 799 gCO2/kWh.
- South Africa had the 24th highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.
Key Figures, 2025
| Measure | Value | As of / source |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 243 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Electricity demand | 237 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand per person | 3.66 MWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Net imports | -5.94 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Carbon intensity | 699 gCO2/kWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Power sector emissions | 170 MtCO2 | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand rank (countries with 2025 data) | 24 of 96 | 2025 · Ember |
Generation Mix, 2025
| Source | Generation | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 198 TWh | 81.4% |
| Solar | 19.5 TWh | 8.1% |
| Wind | 11.3 TWh | 4.7% |
| Nuclear | 10.2 TWh | 4.2% |
| Other fossil | 1.94 TWh | 0.8% |
| Hydro | 1.82 TWh | 0.8% |
| Bioenergy | 430 GWh | 0.2% |
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Year by Year
Ember annual statistics, 2000 to 2025| Year | Coal | Solar | Wind | Nuclear | Other fossil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 196 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 13.0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2001 | 197 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 10.7 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2002 | 206 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 12.0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2003 | 220 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 12.7 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2004 | 230 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 13.4 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2005 | 232 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 11.3 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2006 | 240 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 10.0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2007 | 248 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 11.3 TWh | 1.17 TWh |
| 2008 | 243 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh | 13.0 TWh | 140 GWh |
| 2009 | 235 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 30.0 GWh | 12.8 TWh | 50.0 GWh |
| 2010 | 243 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 30.0 GWh | 13.5 TWh | 200 GWh |
| 2011 | 244 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 40.0 GWh | 12.9 TWh | 720 GWh |
| 2012 | 240 TWh | 30.0 GWh | 40.0 GWh | 13.0 TWh | 1.93 TWh |
| 2013 | 233 TWh | 50.0 GWh | 40.0 GWh | 14.1 TWh | 3.66 TWh |
| 2014 | 230 TWh | 1.08 TWh | 1.07 TWh | 13.8 TWh | 3.76 TWh |
| 2015 | 227 TWh | 2.40 TWh | 3.07 TWh | 12.2 TWh | 3.99 TWh |
| 2016 | 230 TWh | 3.01 TWh | 4.21 TWh | 15.0 TWh | 30.0 GWh |
| 2017 | 229 TWh | 3.94 TWh | 7.02 TWh | 14.2 TWh | 120 GWh |
| 2018 | 231 TWh | 4.54 TWh | 6.41 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 1.23 TWh |
| 2019 | 225 TWh | 5.40 TWh | 6.63 TWh | 13.3 TWh | 1.36 TWh |
| 2020 | 214 TWh | 6.98 TWh | 6.41 TWh | 9.90 TWh | 1.49 TWh |
| 2021 | 211 TWh | 7.84 TWh | 8.65 TWh | 12.4 TWh | 3.27 TWh |
| 2022 | 202 TWh | 10.5 TWh | 9.70 TWh | 10.1 TWh | 3.68 TWh |
| 2023 | 192 TWh | 14.8 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 8.10 TWh | 3.68 TWh |
| 2024 | 207 TWh | 18.3 TWh | 11.1 TWh | 7.80 TWh | 1.94 TWh |
| 2025 | 198 TWh | 19.5 TWh | 11.3 TWh | 10.2 TWh | 1.94 TWh |
| Year | Generation | Demand | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 243 TWh | 237 TWh | 699 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 248 TWh | 246 TWh | 718 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 233 TWh | 232 TWh | 714 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 239 TWh | 238 TWh | 729 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 245 TWh | 242 TWh | 742 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 241 TWh | 237 TWh | 763 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 253 TWh | 248 TWh | 764 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 256 TWh | 252 TWh | 775 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 255 TWh | 249 TWh | 769 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 253 TWh | 247 TWh | 779 gCO2/kWh |
Full year by year history for South Africa, 2000 to 2025
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.
Month by Month
Ember monthly statistics through August 2026| Month | Demand | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-09 | 19.3 TWh | 20.0 TWh |
| 2024-10 | 19.7 TWh | 20.4 TWh |
| 2024-11 | 18.9 TWh | 19.8 TWh |
| 2024-12 | 18.3 TWh | 19.0 TWh |
| 2025-01 | 18.5 TWh | 19.2 TWh |
| 2025-02 | 16.9 TWh | 17.5 TWh |
| 2025-03 | 18.8 TWh | 19.4 TWh |
| 2025-04 | 18.3 TWh | 18.8 TWh |
| 2025-05 | 19.8 TWh | 20.4 TWh |
| 2025-06 | 19.9 TWh | 20.6 TWh |
| 2025-07 | 20.3 TWh | 21.1 TWh |
| 2025-08 | 19.5 TWh | 20.3 TWh |
| 2025-09 | 17.8 TWh | 18.8 TWh |
| 2025-10 | 18.3 TWh | 19.3 TWh |
| 2025-11 | 17.5 TWh | 18.3 TWh |
| 2025-12 | 17.1 TWh | 17.5 TWh |
| 2026-01 | 17.4 TWh | 18.0 TWh |
| 2026-02 | 16.3 TWh | 16.8 TWh |
| 2026-03 | 18.1 TWh | 18.1 TWh |
| 2026-04 | 17.3 TWh | 17.1 TWh |
| 2026-05 | 19.0 TWh | 18.7 TWh |
| 2026-06 | 19.2 TWh | 18.9 TWh |
| 2026-07 | 19.7 TWh | 19.4 TWh |
| 2026-08 | 19.1 TWh | 18.8 TWh |
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of August 2026.
Seasonal Patterns in South Africa
Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through August 2026Electricity demand by month
Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2018 to 2025, demand is highest in June and lowest in December, and the busiest month uses 14% more electricity per day than the quietest.
| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 18.5 | 16.9 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 20.3 | 19.5 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 17.5 | 17.1 |
| 2024 | 18.3 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 18.8 | 19.9 | 20.6 | 21.3 | 20.5 | 19.3 | 19.7 | 18.9 | 18.3 |
| 2023 | 18.0 | 16.6 | 19.0 | 17.6 | 18.9 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 19.6 | 18.2 | 19.6 | 18.3 | 18.3 |
| 2022 | 19.5 | 18.3 | 20.0 | 19.3 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.4 | 20.8 | 18.4 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 17.6 |
| 2021 | 19.6 | 18.3 | 20.2 | 19.7 | 21.1 | 20.8 | 21.9 | 21.2 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 19.3 | 19.0 |
| 2020 | 20.1 | 19.0 | 19.7 | 15.9 | 19.0 | 20.4 | 21.3 | 20.8 | 19.9 | 20.6 | 19.7 | 19.5 |
| 2019 | 20.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 21.7 | 21.4 | 22.1 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 21.1 | 20.2 | 19.3 |
| 2018 | 20.8 | 19.2 | 21.2 | 20.1 | 22.0 | 21.6 | 22.3 | 21.8 | 20.5 | 21.5 | 20.8 | 20.1 |
- Lower demand per day
- Higher demand per day
- No data
- Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 15.9 TWh, highest 22.3 TWh. Colours are relative to South Africa alone.
Low carbon share of generation by month
Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2018 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in December (17%) and lowest in May (11%), a gap of 6.1 points.
| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 22% | 18% | 14% | 16% | 16% | 15% | 15% | 16% | 17% | 20% | 24% | 29% |
| 2024 | 20% | 18% | 16% | 15% | 14% | 12% | 13% | 15% | 15% | 18% | 18% | 19% |
| 2023 | 18% | 17% | 16% | 15% | 13% | 14% | 14% | 15% | 17% | 17% | 18% | 19% |
| 2022 | 15% | 12% | 12% | 13% | 11% | 11% | 11% | 14% | 14% | 16% | 19% | 19% |
| 2021 | 12% | 12% | 10% | 8% | 9% | 10% | 12% | 12% | 13% | 14% | 15% | 17% |
| 2020 | 12% | 12% | 11% | 10% | 8% | 8% | 9% | 9% | 9% | 10% | 13% | 14% |
| 2019 | 12% | 11% | 11% | 11% | 9% | 10% | 11% | 11% | 10% | 8% | 9% | 9% |
| 2018 | 10% | 11% | 8% | 9% | 7% | 8% | 10% | 10% | 9% | 8% | 8% | 9% |
- Lower low carbon share
- Higher low carbon share
- No data
- Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 7%, highest 29%. Colours are relative to South Africa alone.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of August 2026. Complete calendar years only.
Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix
Ember annual, 2025South Africa's closest match is Mongolia, 89.8% the same.
- Mongolia 89.8% the same Mongolia generates 5.7 points less solar than South Africa
- India 87.3% the same India generates 10.5 points less coal than South Africa
- Kosovo 87.1% the same Kosovo generates 7.9 points more coal than South Africa
- Botswana 82.5% the same Botswana generates 16.9 points more coal than South Africa
- Morocco 74.5% the same Morocco generates 19.0 points less coal than South Africa
How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match
South Africa Electricity FAQ
What is the main source of electricity in South Africa?
Coal was the largest source of electricity in South Africa in 2025, supplying 81.4% of generation, followed by solar (8.1%) and wind (4.7%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.
How much electricity does South Africa use?
South Africa used 237 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 3.66 MWh per person.
How clean is South Africa's electricity?
Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in South Africa emitted 699 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 17.8% of generation. That is 52% above the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.
Does South Africa import electricity?
No. South Africa was a net exporter in 2025, exporting 5.94 TWh more than it imported.
When does South Africa use the most electricity?
Averaged over 2018 to 2025, South Africa's electricity demand is highest in June and lowest in December. The busiest month uses 14% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).
Related
Cite this page
World Power Monitor. (2026). South Africa Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/south-africa/
World Power Monitor. South Africa Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-08. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/south-africa/
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title = {{South Africa Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
author = {{World Power Monitor}},
year = {2026},
note = {Data as of 2026-08. Data from Ember.},
url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/south-africa/}
} Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/south-africa/
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