Mongolia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions

Mongolia generated 9.75 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source at 85.3%, followed by other fossil (6.1%) and wind (5.7%). Demand was 12.6 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 820 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through September 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.

Key Facts

Mongolia generated 9.75 TWh of electricity in 2025.
Coal supplied 85.3% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025.
Other fossil supplied 6.1% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025.
Wind supplied 5.7% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025.
Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 8.6% of Mongolia's generation in 2025.
The carbon intensity of Mongolia's electricity was 820 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Mongolia's carbon intensity in 2025 was 10% lower than in 2000, when it was 911 gCO2/kWh.
Mongolia had the 81st highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.

Key Figures, 2025

Measure	Value	As of / source
Total generation	9.75 TWh	2025 · Ember
Electricity demand	12.6 TWh	2025 · Ember
Demand per person	3.53 MWh	2025 · Ember
Net imports	2.83 TWh	2025 · Ember
Carbon intensity	820 gCO2/kWh	2025 · Ember
Power sector emissions	8.00 MtCO2	2025 · Ember
Demand rank (countries with 2025 data)	81 of 96	2025 · Ember

Generation Mix, 2025

Source	Generation	Share
Coal	8.32 TWh	85.3%
Other fossil	590 GWh	6.1%
Wind	550 GWh	5.7%
Solar	230 GWh	2.4%
Hydro	60.0 GWh	0.6%

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Year by Year

Ember annual statistics, 2000 to 2025

Mongolia's electricity generation by main source from 2000 to 2025, in GWh. In 2025 the largest sources were coal at 8.32 TWh, other fossil at 590 GWh, wind at 550 GWh, solar at 230 GWh, hydro at 60.0 GWh.

Annual statistics through 2025, GWh

Mongolia electricity generation by source, 2000 to 2025
Year	Coal	Other fossil	Wind	Solar	Hydro
2000	2.85 TWh	50.0 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2001	2.91 TWh	60.0 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2002	3.02 TWh	70.0 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2003	3.04 TWh	70.0 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2004	3.19 TWh	90.0 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2005	3.31 TWh	90.0 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2006	3.43 TWh	100 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2007	3.55 TWh	160 GWh	0 TWh	0 TWh	0 TWh
2008	3.83 TWh	160 GWh	0 TWh	10.0 GWh	0 TWh
2009	3.86 TWh	150 GWh	0 TWh	10.0 GWh	20.0 GWh
2010	4.09 TWh	180 GWh	0 TWh	10.0 GWh	40.0 GWh
2011	4.24 TWh	240 GWh	0 TWh	10.0 GWh	50.0 GWh
2012	4.50 TWh	250 GWh	0 TWh	10.0 GWh	50.0 GWh
2013	4.63 TWh	270 GWh	50.0 GWh	10.0 GWh	60.0 GWh
2014	4.93 TWh	240 GWh	130 GWh	10.0 GWh	70.0 GWh
2015	5.06 TWh	230 GWh	150 GWh	10.0 GWh	60.0 GWh
2016	5.23 TWh	190 GWh	150 GWh	10.0 GWh	90.0 GWh
2017	5.50 TWh	280 GWh	140 GWh	30.0 GWh	80.0 GWh
2018	5.83 TWh	300 GWh	300 GWh	60.0 GWh	80.0 GWh
2019	5.88 TWh	370 GWh	480 GWh	120 GWh	90.0 GWh
2020	5.61 TWh	350 GWh	480 GWh	120 GWh	80.0 GWh
2021	6.27 TWh	340 GWh	580 GWh	170 GWh	80.0 GWh
2022	6.65 TWh	340 GWh	510 GWh	190 GWh	60.0 GWh
2023	7.06 TWh	470 GWh	510 GWh	190 GWh	60.0 GWh
2024	7.47 TWh	570 GWh	510 GWh	210 GWh	60.0 GWh
2025	8.32 TWh	590 GWh	550 GWh	230 GWh	60.0 GWh

Year	Generation	Demand	Carbon intensity
2025	9.75 TWh	12.6 TWh	820 gCO2/kWh
2024	8.82 TWh	11.5 TWh	817 gCO2/kWh
2023	8.29 TWh	10.7 TWh	816 gCO2/kWh
2022	7.75 TWh	9.83 TWh	814 gCO2/kWh
2021	7.44 TWh	9.24 TWh	802 gCO2/kWh
2020	6.64 TWh	8.28 TWh	809 gCO2/kWh
2019	6.94 TWh	8.64 TWh	812 gCO2/kWh
2018	6.57 TWh	8.21 TWh	844 gCO2/kWh
2017	6.03 TWh	7.58 TWh	867 gCO2/kWh
2016	5.67 TWh	7.08 TWh	868 gCO2/kWh

Full year by year history for Mongolia, 2000 to 2025

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Month by Month

Ember monthly statistics through September 2026

Mongolia's electricity demand in September 2026 was 730 GWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 720 GWh. Carbon intensity that month was 885 gCO2/kWh.

Monthly statistics through September 2026, TWh

Mongolia monthly electricity demand and generation, October 2024 to September 2026
Month	Demand	Generation
2024-10	780 GWh	780 GWh
2024-11	840 GWh	840 GWh
2024-12	910 GWh	910 GWh
2025-01	900 GWh	900 GWh
2025-02	860 GWh	860 GWh
2025-03	900 GWh	890 GWh
2025-04	800 GWh	800 GWh
2025-05	740 GWh	750 GWh
2025-06	620 GWh	630 GWh
2025-07	590 GWh	600 GWh
2025-08	680 GWh	680 GWh
2025-09	680 GWh	680 GWh
2025-10	830 GWh	830 GWh
2025-11	940 GWh	950 GWh
2025-12	1.05 TWh	1.05 TWh
2026-01	980 GWh	980 GWh
2026-02	940 GWh	940 GWh
2026-03	950 GWh	950 GWh
2026-04	820 GWh	820 GWh
2026-05	760 GWh	760 GWh
2026-06	720 GWh	710 GWh
2026-07	690 GWh	690 GWh
2026-08	720 GWh	730 GWh
2026-09	730 GWh	720 GWh

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of September 2026.

Seasonal Patterns in Mongolia

Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through September 2026

Electricity demand by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, demand is highest in December and lowest in July, and the busiest month uses 66% more electricity per day than the quietest.

Mongolia's electricity demand for each month, in TWh, 2016 to 2025. Colour shows demand per day, so short months are not shaded as quiet.
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2025	0.90	0.86	0.90	0.80	0.74	0.62	0.59	0.68	0.68	0.83	0.94	1.05
2024	0.87	0.80	0.86	0.70	0.63	0.56	0.56	0.57	0.64	0.78	0.84	0.91
2023	0.85	0.72	0.75	0.70	0.62	0.55	0.54	0.55	0.61	0.70	0.79	0.87
2022	0.81	0.71	0.76	0.66	0.60	0.54	0.49	0.52	0.58	0.69	0.75	0.84
2021	0.79	0.67	0.72	0.64	0.61	0.53	0.48	0.51	0.56	0.70	0.76	0.84
2020	0.70	0.62	0.62	0.54	0.50	0.47	0.43	0.47	0.50	0.64	0.65	0.75
2019	0.66	0.55	0.59	0.55	0.53	0.46	0.45	0.48	0.52	0.62	0.65	0.70
2018	0.60	0.54	0.54	0.50	0.45	0.41	0.42	0.43	0.43	0.54	0.57	0.63
2017	0.55	0.47	0.48	0.44	0.42	0.38	0.36	0.36	0.40	0.49	0.52	0.57
2016	0.51	0.45	0.44	0.39	0.36	0.34	0.32	0.35	0.35	0.44	0.48	0.52

Lower demand per day
Higher demand per day
No data
Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 0.32 TWh, highest 1.05 TWh. Colours are relative to Mongolia alone.

Low carbon share of generation by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in May (9%) and lowest in January (6%), a gap of 3.0 points.

Share of Mongolia's electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources for each month, in percent, 2016 to 2025.
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2025	8%	8%	9%	10%	11%	11%	10%	9%	9%	7%	8%	7%
2024	7%	8%	12%	10%	11%	11%	9%	9%	9%	10%	8%	8%
2023	8%	7%	8%	11%	11%	11%	11%	9%	8%	8%	9%	8%
2022	6%	7%	9%	11%	12%	11%	10%	11%	10%	9%	8%	8%
2021	9%	9%	10%	13%	13%	12%	10%	12%	11%	9%	9%	8%
2020	7%	10%	10%	9%	10%	11%	9%	9%	8%	9%	9%	9%
2019	9%	6%	10%	11%	11%	11%	11%	8%	12%	10%	9%	7%
2018	5%	7%	7%	8%	9%	7%	7%	5%	5%	7%	7%	6%
2017	4%	4%	4%	5%	5%	5%	6%	3%	5%	2%	4%	4%
2016	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%

Lower low carbon share
Higher low carbon share
No data
Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 0%, highest 13%. Colours are relative to Mongolia alone.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of September 2026. Complete calendar years only.

Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix

Ember annual, 2025

Mongolia's closest match is Kosovo, 91.9% the same, and the match goes both ways, so they are grid twins.

Kosovo 91.9% the same · grid twin Kosovo generates 5.9 points less other fossil than Mongolia
South Africa 89.8% the same South Africa generates 5.7 points more solar than Mongolia
Botswana 87.1% the same Botswana generates 12.9 points more coal than Mongolia
India 79.0% the same India generates 14.4 points less coal than Mongolia
Morocco 74.6% the same Morocco generates 22.9 points less coal than Mongolia

How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match

Mongolia Electricity FAQ

What is the main source of electricity in Mongolia?

Coal was the largest source of electricity in Mongolia in 2025, supplying 85.3% of generation, followed by other fossil (6.1%) and wind (5.7%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.

How much electricity does Mongolia use?

Mongolia used 12.6 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 3.53 MWh per person.

How clean is Mongolia's electricity?

Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Mongolia emitted 820 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 8.6% of generation. That is 78% above the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.

Does Mongolia import electricity?

Yes. Mongolia imported 2.83 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.

When does Mongolia use the most electricity?

Averaged over 2016 to 2025, Mongolia's electricity demand is highest in December and lowest in July. The busiest month uses 66% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).

Cite this page

APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2026). Mongolia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/mongolia/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Mongolia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-09. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/mongolia/

BibTeX

@misc{wpm_countries_mongolia_2026,
  title = {{Mongolia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Data as of 2026-09. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/mongolia/}
}

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