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Data as of 2025
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Built 2026-09-19 (19 September 2026)

Mongolia vs Russia: Electricity Compared

Mongolia generated 9.71 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Russia 1,194 TWh, according to Ember. Mongolia's largest source was coal (85.7%); Russia's was gas (45.6%). Each kWh generated emitted 822 gCO2/kWh in Mongolia and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Key Facts

  • Coal supplied 85.7% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025, against 17.7% in Russia.
  • Mongolia's electricity was 1.8 times as carbon intensive as Russia's in 2025, at 822 gCO2/kWh against 447 gCO2/kWh.
  • The average person in Russia used 8.17 MWh of electricity in 2025, 2.3 times as much as in Mongolia (3.53 MWh).
  • Low carbon sources supplied 8.5% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025 and 35.7% of Russia's.
  • Electricity demand in 2025 was 12.4 TWh in Mongolia and 1,178 TWh in Russia.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics
MeasureMongoliaRussia
Total generation9.71 TWh1,194 TWh
Electricity demand12.4 TWh1,178 TWh
Demand per person3.53 MWh8.17 MWh
Carbon intensity822 gCO2/kWh447 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions7.98 MtCO2534 MtCO2
Low carbon share8.5%35.7%
Largest sourceCoal 85.7%Gas 45.6%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation
SourceMongoliaRussia
Coal 85.7% 17.7%
Gas 0.0% 45.6%
Nuclear 0.0% 18.3%
Hydro 0.6% 16.7%
Other fossil 5.9% 1.0%
Wind 5.7% 0.3%
Solar 2.2% 0.2%
Bioenergy 0.0% 0.1%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics
Carbon intensity of electricity in Mongolia and Russia, 1985 to 2025 Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Mongolia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 822 gCO2/kWh in Mongolia and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia. 0 250 500 750 1,000 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Mongolia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 822 gCO2/kWh in Mongolia and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia.
Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
Carbon intensity of electricity in Mongolia and Russia, 1985 to 2025
YearMongoliaRussia
1985n/a492 gCO2/kWh
1986n/a492 gCO2/kWh
1987n/a489 gCO2/kWh
1988n/a486 gCO2/kWh
1989n/a488 gCO2/kWh
1990n/a496 gCO2/kWh
1991n/a492 gCO2/kWh
1992n/a483 gCO2/kWh
1993n/a473 gCO2/kWh
1994n/a481 gCO2/kWh
1995n/a477 gCO2/kWh
1996n/a482 gCO2/kWh
1997n/a477 gCO2/kWh
1998n/a482 gCO2/kWh
1999n/a468 gCO2/kWh
2000911 gCO2/kWh470 gCO2/kWh
2001910 gCO2/kWh458 gCO2/kWh
2002910 gCO2/kWh463 gCO2/kWh
2003910 gCO2/kWh465 gCO2/kWh
2004909 gCO2/kWh454 gCO2/kWh
2005909 gCO2/kWh457 gCO2/kWh
2006908 gCO2/kWh463 gCO2/kWh
2007904 gCO2/kWh458 gCO2/kWh
2008903 gCO2/kWh475 gCO2/kWh
2009899 gCO2/kWh452 gCO2/kWh
2010894 gCO2/kWh458 gCO2/kWh
2011890 gCO2/kWh461 gCO2/kWh
2012891 gCO2/kWh462 gCO2/kWh
2013880 gCO2/kWh450 gCO2/kWh
2014869 gCO2/kWh449 gCO2/kWh
2015869 gCO2/kWh444 gCO2/kWh
2016868 gCO2/kWh443 gCO2/kWh
2017867 gCO2/kWh440 gCO2/kWh
2018844 gCO2/kWh439 gCO2/kWh
2019812 gCO2/kWh440 gCO2/kWh
2020809 gCO2/kWh418 gCO2/kWh
2021802 gCO2/kWh427 gCO2/kWh
2022814 gCO2/kWh443 gCO2/kWh
2023816 gCO2/kWh447 gCO2/kWh
2024817 gCO2/kWh444 gCO2/kWh
2025822 gCO2/kWh447 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics
Electricity demand per person in Mongolia and Russia, 1985 to 2025 Electricity demand per person in Mongolia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 3.53 MWh in Mongolia and 8.17 MWh in Russia. 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Electricity demand per person in Mongolia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 3.53 MWh in Mongolia and 8.17 MWh in Russia.
Annual statistics through 2025, MWh
Electricity demand per person in Mongolia and Russia, 1985 to 2025
YearMongoliaRussia
1985n/an/a
1986n/an/a
1987n/an/a
1988n/an/a
1989n/an/a
1990n/an/a
1991n/an/a
1992n/an/a
1993n/an/a
1994n/an/a
1995n/an/a
1996n/an/a
1997n/an/a
1998n/an/a
1999n/an/a
20001.25 MWh5.89 MWh
20011.27 MWh5.99 MWh
20021.30 MWh6.02 MWh
20031.30 MWh6.19 MWh
20041.35 MWh6.37 MWh
20051.39 MWh6.51 MWh
20061.45 MWh6.78 MWh
20071.50 MWh6.99 MWh
20081.59 MWh7.11 MWh
20091.57 MWh6.80 MWh
20101.69 MWh7.09 MWh
20111.75 MWh7.17 MWh
20121.84 MWh7.30 MWh
20132.17 MWh7.23 MWh
20142.30 MWh7.29 MWh
20152.31 MWh7.27 MWh
20162.33 MWh7.38 MWh
20172.44 MWh7.39 MWh
20182.59 MWh7.49 MWh
20192.67 MWh7.51 MWh
20202.52 MWh7.34 MWh
20212.77 MWh7.79 MWh
20222.90 MWh7.90 MWh
20233.11 MWh7.99 MWh
20243.32 MWh8.24 MWh
20253.53 MWh8.17 MWh

Mongolia history · Russia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.