Kazakhstan vs Russia: Electricity Compared

Kazakhstan generated 124 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Russia 1,194 TWh, according to Ember. Kazakhstan's largest source was coal (58.3%); Russia's was gas (45.6%). Each kWh generated emitted 813 gCO2/kWh in Kazakhstan and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 58.3% of Kazakhstan's electricity in 2025, against 17.7% in Russia.
Kazakhstan's electricity was 1.8 times as carbon intensive as Russia's in 2025, at 813 gCO2/kWh against 447 gCO2/kWh.
Low carbon sources supplied 14.2% of Kazakhstan's electricity in 2025 and 35.7% of Russia's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 126 TWh in Kazakhstan and 1,178 TWh in Russia.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Kazakhstan	Russia
Total generation	124 TWh	1,194 TWh
Electricity demand	126 TWh	1,178 TWh
Demand per person	6.05 MWh	8.17 MWh
Carbon intensity	813 gCO2/kWh	447 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	101 MtCO2	534 MtCO2
Low carbon share	14.2%	35.7%
Largest source	Coal 58.3%	Gas 45.6%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	Kazakhstan	Russia
Coal	58.3%	17.7%
Gas	27.1%	45.6%
Nuclear	0.0%	18.3%
Hydro	8.4%	16.7%
Wind	4.1%	0.3%
Solar	1.7%	0.2%
Other fossil	0.4%	1.0%
Bioenergy	0.0%	0.1%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Kazakhstan and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 813 gCO2/kWh in Kazakhstan and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Kazakhstan and Russia, 1985 to 2025
Year	Kazakhstan	Russia
1985	841 gCO2/kWh	492 gCO2/kWh
1986	848 gCO2/kWh	492 gCO2/kWh
1987	841 gCO2/kWh	489 gCO2/kWh
1988	828 gCO2/kWh	486 gCO2/kWh
1989	825 gCO2/kWh	488 gCO2/kWh
1990	824 gCO2/kWh	496 gCO2/kWh
1991	821 gCO2/kWh	492 gCO2/kWh
1992	823 gCO2/kWh	483 gCO2/kWh
1993	809 gCO2/kWh	473 gCO2/kWh
1994	776 gCO2/kWh	481 gCO2/kWh
1995	792 gCO2/kWh	477 gCO2/kWh
1996	791 gCO2/kWh	482 gCO2/kWh
1997	787 gCO2/kWh	477 gCO2/kWh
1998	792 gCO2/kWh	482 gCO2/kWh
1999	791 gCO2/kWh	468 gCO2/kWh
2000	781 gCO2/kWh	470 gCO2/kWh
2001	784 gCO2/kWh	458 gCO2/kWh
2002	775 gCO2/kWh	463 gCO2/kWh
2003	794 gCO2/kWh	465 gCO2/kWh
2004	813 gCO2/kWh	454 gCO2/kWh
2005	812 gCO2/kWh	457 gCO2/kWh
2006	805 gCO2/kWh	463 gCO2/kWh
2007	803 gCO2/kWh	458 gCO2/kWh
2008	832 gCO2/kWh	475 gCO2/kWh
2009	849 gCO2/kWh	452 gCO2/kWh
2010	836 gCO2/kWh	458 gCO2/kWh
2011	842 gCO2/kWh	461 gCO2/kWh
2012	853 gCO2/kWh	462 gCO2/kWh
2013	855 gCO2/kWh	450 gCO2/kWh
2014	850 gCO2/kWh	449 gCO2/kWh
2015	835 gCO2/kWh	444 gCO2/kWh
2016	813 gCO2/kWh	443 gCO2/kWh
2017	831 gCO2/kWh	440 gCO2/kWh
2018	840 gCO2/kWh	439 gCO2/kWh
2019	839 gCO2/kWh	440 gCO2/kWh
2020	835 gCO2/kWh	418 gCO2/kWh
2021	831 gCO2/kWh	427 gCO2/kWh
2022	832 gCO2/kWh	443 gCO2/kWh
2023	825 gCO2/kWh	447 gCO2/kWh
2024	806 gCO2/kWh	444 gCO2/kWh
2025	813 gCO2/kWh	447 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Kazakhstan and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 6.05 MWh in Kazakhstan and 8.17 MWh in Russia.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Kazakhstan and Russia, 1985 to 2025
Year	Kazakhstan	Russia
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	3.53 MWh	5.89 MWh
2001	3.67 MWh	5.99 MWh
2002	3.75 MWh	6.02 MWh
2003	3.96 MWh	6.19 MWh
2004	4.09 MWh	6.37 MWh
2005	4.25 MWh	6.51 MWh
2006	4.46 MWh	6.78 MWh
2007	4.72 MWh	6.99 MWh
2008	4.91 MWh	7.11 MWh
2009	4.70 MWh	6.80 MWh
2010	4.98 MWh	7.09 MWh
2011	5.12 MWh	7.17 MWh
2012	5.31 MWh	7.30 MWh
2013	5.23 MWh	7.23 MWh
2014	5.25 MWh	7.29 MWh
2015	5.07 MWh	7.27 MWh
2016	5.09 MWh	7.38 MWh
2017	5.30 MWh	7.39 MWh
2018	5.48 MWh	7.49 MWh
2019	5.38 MWh	7.51 MWh
2020	5.54 MWh	7.34 MWh
2021	5.80 MWh	7.79 MWh
2022	5.74 MWh	7.90 MWh
2023	5.69 MWh	7.99 MWh
2024	5.87 MWh	8.24 MWh
2025	6.05 MWh	8.17 MWh

Kazakhstan history · Russia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Kazakhstan vs Russia: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Related