Bhutan vs Mongolia: Electricity Compared
Bhutan generated 11.0 TWh of electricity in 2024 and Mongolia 8.82 TWh, according to Ember. Bhutan's largest source was hydro (100.0%); Mongolia's was coal (84.7%). Each kWh generated emitted 24 gCO2/kWh in Bhutan and 817 gCO2/kWh in Mongolia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2024, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Ember's latest annual figures for Bhutan are for 2024, while Mongolia has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2024 for both.
Why this comparison: similar electricity demand on the same continent.
Key Facts
- Hydro supplied 100.0% of Bhutan's electricity in 2024, against 0.7% in Mongolia.
- Mongolia's electricity was 34.4 times as carbon intensive as Bhutan's in 2024, at 817 gCO2/kWh against 24 gCO2/kWh.
- The average person in Bhutan used 15.74 MWh of electricity in 2024, 4.7 times as much as in Mongolia (3.32 MWh).
- Low carbon sources supplied 100.0% of Bhutan's electricity in 2024 and 8.8% of Mongolia's.
- Electricity demand in 2024 was 12.5 TWh in Bhutan and 11.5 TWh in Mongolia.
Key Figures, 2024
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Bhutan | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 11.0 TWh | 8.82 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 12.5 TWh | 11.5 TWh |
| Demand per person | 15.74 MWh | 3.32 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 24 gCO2/kWh | 817 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 0.26 MtCO2 | 7.21 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 100.0% | 8.8% |
| Largest source | Hydro 100.0% | Coal 84.7% |
Generation Mix, 2024
Share of generation| Source | Bhutan | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 100.0% | 0.7% |
| Coal | 0.0% | 84.7% |
| Other fossil | 0.0% | 6.5% |
| Wind | 0.0% | 5.8% |
| Solar | 0.0% | 2.4% |
Carbon Intensity, 2000 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Bhutan | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 911 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 910 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 910 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 910 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 909 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 909 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 908 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 904 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 903 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 899 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 894 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 890 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 891 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 880 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 869 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 869 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 868 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 867 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 844 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 812 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 809 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 802 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 814 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 816 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 24 gCO2/kWh | 817 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | n/a | 822 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 2000 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Bhutan | Mongolia |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.69 MWh | 1.25 MWh |
| 2001 | 0.88 MWh | 1.27 MWh |
| 2002 | 1.03 MWh | 1.30 MWh |
| 2003 | 1.05 MWh | 1.30 MWh |
| 2004 | 1.12 MWh | 1.35 MWh |
| 2005 | 1.39 MWh | 1.39 MWh |
| 2006 | 2.95 MWh | 1.45 MWh |
| 2007 | 1.68 MWh | 1.50 MWh |
| 2008 | 1.43 MWh | 1.59 MWh |
| 2009 | 2.29 MWh | 1.57 MWh |
| 2010 | 2.58 MWh | 1.69 MWh |
| 2011 | 2.45 MWh | 1.75 MWh |
| 2012 | 2.65 MWh | 1.84 MWh |
| 2013 | 2.87 MWh | 2.17 MWh |
| 2014 | 2.95 MWh | 2.30 MWh |
| 2015 | 2.88 MWh | 2.31 MWh |
| 2016 | 2.94 MWh | 2.33 MWh |
| 2017 | 2.70 MWh | 2.44 MWh |
| 2018 | 3.21 MWh | 2.59 MWh |
| 2019 | 3.40 MWh | 2.67 MWh |
| 2020 | 8.04 MWh | 2.52 MWh |
| 2021 | 15.02 MWh | 2.77 MWh |
| 2022 | 14.85 MWh | 2.90 MWh |
| 2023 | 15.25 MWh | 3.11 MWh |
| 2024 | 15.74 MWh | 3.32 MWh |
| 2025 | n/a | 3.53 MWh |
Bhutan history · Mongolia history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.