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Portugal Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions

Portugal generated 51.1 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Hydro was the largest source at 29.7%, followed by wind (26.8%) and solar (17.3%). Demand was 60.4 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 128 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through October 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.

Key Facts

  • Portugal generated 51.1 TWh of electricity in 2025.
  • Hydro supplied 29.7% of Portugal's electricity in 2025.
  • Wind supplied 26.8% of Portugal's electricity in 2025.
  • Solar supplied 17.3% of Portugal's electricity in 2025.
  • Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 80.9% of Portugal's generation in 2025.
  • The carbon intensity of Portugal's electricity was 128 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • Portugal's carbon intensity in 2025 was 76% lower than in 1990, when it was 540 gCO2/kWh.
  • Portugal had the 47th highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.

Key Figures, 2025

MeasureValueAs of / source
Total generation51.1 TWh2025 · Ember
Electricity demand60.4 TWh2025 · Ember
Demand per person5.80 MWh2025 · Ember
Net imports9.29 TWh2025 · Ember
Carbon intensity128 gCO2/kWh2025 · Ember
Power sector emissions6.53 MtCO22025 · Ember
Demand rank (countries with 2025 data)47 of 962025 · Ember

Generation Mix, 2025

SourceGenerationShare
Hydro 15.2 TWh 29.7%
Wind 13.7 TWh 26.8%
Solar 8.85 TWh 17.3%
Gas 8.43 TWh 16.5%
Bioenergy 3.38 TWh 6.6%
Other fossil 1.34 TWh 2.6%
Other renewables 200 GWh 0.4%
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Year by Year

Ember annual statistics, 1990 to 2025
Portugal electricity generation by source, 1990 to 2025 Portugal's electricity generation by main source from 1990 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were hydro at 15.2 TWh, wind at 13.7 TWh, solar at 8.85 TWh, gas at 8.43 TWh, bioenergy at 3.38 TWh. 0 5 10 15 20 19901995200020052010201520202025
Portugal's electricity generation by main source from 1990 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were hydro at 15.2 TWh, wind at 13.7 TWh, solar at 8.85 TWh, gas at 8.43 TWh, bioenergy at 3.38 TWh.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
Portugal electricity generation by source, 1990 to 2025
YearHydroWindSolarGasBioenergy
19909.14 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh690 GWh
19919.03 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh810 GWh
19924.61 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh880 GWh
19938.52 TWh10.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh900 GWh
199410.7 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh930 GWh
19958.33 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh990 GWh
199614.8 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh960 GWh
199713.1 TWh40.0 GWh0 TWh90.0 GWh1.04 TWh
199813.0 TWh90.0 GWh0 TWh2.02 TWh1.02 TWh
19997.26 TWh120 GWh0 TWh8.07 TWh1.16 TWh
200011.3 TWh170 GWh0 TWh7.14 TWh1.30 TWh
200114.0 TWh260 GWh0 TWh7.21 TWh1.35 TWh
20027.80 TWh360 GWh0 TWh9.04 TWh1.47 TWh
200315.7 TWh500 GWh0 TWh7.74 TWh1.39 TWh
20049.87 TWh820 GWh0 TWh11.7 TWh1.54 TWh
20054.73 TWh1.77 TWh0 TWh13.6 TWh1.68 TWh
200611.0 TWh2.93 TWh0 TWh12.3 TWh1.70 TWh
200710.1 TWh4.04 TWh20.0 GWh13.1 TWh1.86 TWh
20086.80 TWh5.76 TWh40.0 GWh15.2 TWh1.85 TWh
20098.28 TWh7.58 TWh160 GWh14.7 TWh2.09 TWh
201016.2 TWh9.18 TWh210 GWh14.9 TWh2.61 TWh
201111.5 TWh9.16 TWh280 GWh14.9 TWh2.92 TWh
20125.62 TWh10.3 TWh390 GWh10.7 TWh2.95 TWh
201313.7 TWh12.0 TWh480 GWh7.23 TWh3.05 TWh
201415.6 TWh12.1 TWh630 GWh6.83 TWh3.05 TWh
20158.66 TWh11.6 TWh800 GWh10.6 TWh3.10 TWh
201615.7 TWh12.5 TWh870 GWh12.6 TWh3.07 TWh
20175.90 TWh12.3 TWh990 GWh18.9 TWh3.22 TWh
201812.4 TWh12.6 TWh1.01 TWh15.6 TWh3.16 TWh
20198.82 TWh13.7 TWh1.34 TWh17.3 TWh3.36 TWh
202012.1 TWh12.3 TWh1.72 TWh17.6 TWh3.79 TWh
202111.9 TWh13.2 TWh2.24 TWh15.6 TWh4.00 TWh
20226.54 TWh13.3 TWh3.52 TWh17.4 TWh4.11 TWh
202312.0 TWh13.2 TWh5.16 TWh10.4 TWh3.80 TWh
202414.9 TWh14.4 TWh7.09 TWh5.63 TWh3.75 TWh
202515.2 TWh13.7 TWh8.85 TWh8.43 TWh3.38 TWh
YearGenerationDemandCarbon intensity
2025 51.1 TWh 60.4 TWh 128 gCO2/kWh
2024 47.3 TWh 57.8 TWh 111 gCO2/kWh
2023 46.1 TWh 56.4 TWh 158 gCO2/kWh
2022 46.3 TWh 55.6 TWh 225 gCO2/kWh
2021 49.2 TWh 54.0 TWh 211 gCO2/kWh
2020 51.4 TWh 52.9 TWh 248 gCO2/kWh
2019 51.6 TWh 55.0 TWh 301 gCO2/kWh
2018 58.4 TWh 55.7 TWh 359 gCO2/kWh
2017 57.6 TWh 54.9 TWh 434 gCO2/kWh
2016 59.1 TWh 54.0 TWh 344 gCO2/kWh

Full year by year history for Portugal, 1990 to 2025

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Month by Month

Ember monthly statistics through October 2026
Portugal monthly electricity demand and generation, November 2024 to October 2026 Portugal's electricity demand in October 2026 was 4.49 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 2.74 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 147 gCO2/kWh. 0 2 3 5 6 2024-112025-052025-112026-05
Portugal's electricity demand in October 2026 was 4.49 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 2.74 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 147 gCO2/kWh.
Monthly statistics through October 2026, TWh
Portugal monthly electricity demand and generation, November 2024 to October 2026
MonthDemandGeneration
2024-114.24 TWh3.45 TWh
2024-124.82 TWh3.33 TWh
2025-014.96 TWh4.42 TWh
2025-024.36 TWh3.98 TWh
2025-034.74 TWh4.57 TWh
2025-044.07 TWh3.99 TWh
2025-054.26 TWh4.00 TWh
2025-064.39 TWh3.21 TWh
2025-074.82 TWh3.47 TWh
2025-084.55 TWh3.29 TWh
2025-094.48 TWh3.38 TWh
2025-104.55 TWh3.18 TWh
2025-114.55 TWh3.73 TWh
2025-124.86 TWh4.13 TWh
2026-015.12 TWh4.82 TWh
2026-024.14 TWh4.40 TWh
2026-034.76 TWh4.32 TWh
2026-044.28 TWh3.21 TWh
2026-054.55 TWh3.33 TWh
2026-064.56 TWh3.13 TWh
2026-074.94 TWh3.34 TWh
2026-084.59 TWh3.05 TWh
2026-094.70 TWh3.07 TWh
2026-104.49 TWh2.74 TWh

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026.

Seasonal Patterns in Portugal

Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through October 2026

Electricity demand by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, demand is highest in January and lowest in April, and the busiest month uses 17% more electricity per day than the quietest.

Portugal's electricity demand for each month, in TWh, 2016 to 2025. Colour shows demand per day, so short months are not shaded as quiet.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 4.96 4.36 4.74 4.07 4.26 4.39 4.82 4.55 4.48 4.55 4.55 4.86
2024 4.58 4.20 4.37 3.87 4.24 4.08 4.54 4.35 4.26 4.42 4.24 4.82
2023 4.52 4.23 4.52 3.92 4.23 4.11 4.44 4.33 4.14 4.13 4.03 4.56
2022 4.62 4.22 4.47 4.09 4.09 4.11 4.50 4.13 4.11 4.17 4.12 4.12
2021 4.85 3.60 3.99 3.69 3.94 3.83 4.14 3.90 4.01 4.01 4.14 4.40
2020 4.68 3.99 4.04 3.45 3.48 3.60 4.27 4.01 4.02 4.01 4.03 4.44
2019 4.75 4.04 4.13 3.93 4.06 3.93 4.28 3.96 4.03 4.15 4.30 4.07
2018 4.65 4.20 4.32 3.89 3.92 3.91 4.08 4.06 4.05 4.07 4.24 4.29
2017 4.63 3.90 4.23 3.77 3.99 4.08 4.19 3.99 3.99 4.08 4.06 4.50
2016 4.15 3.89 4.18 3.65 3.67 3.71 4.17 3.95 3.87 3.92 4.06 4.32
  • Lower demand per day
  • Higher demand per day
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 3.45 TWh, highest 4.96 TWh. Colours are relative to Portugal alone.

Low carbon share of generation by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in March (74%) and lowest in July (52%), a gap of 21.9 points.

Share of Portugal's electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources for each month, in percent, 2016 to 2025.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 84% 85% 90% 91% 83% 78% 78% 77% 78% 75% 80% 85%
2024 84% 89% 90% 95% 95% 93% 86% 86% 85% 87% 83% 77%
2023 87% 67% 79% 77% 75% 64% 62% 68% 63% 79% 86% 86%
2022 62% 55% 65% 67% 57% 50% 49% 49% 56% 55% 62% 79%
2021 69% 87% 77% 57% 67% 53% 60% 56% 50% 56% 59% 71%
2020 65% 66% 71% 80% 66% 56% 42% 43% 40% 55% 54% 73%
2019 52% 54% 61% 58% 52% 38% 35% 46% 50% 47% 64% 74%
2018 43% 47% 81% 79% 50% 43% 36% 36% 31% 44% 49% 53%
2017 44% 54% 52% 44% 36% 33% 31% 30% 32% 32% 35% 46%
2016 68% 75% 69% 79% 73% 46% 37% 39% 36% 41% 45% 42%
  • Lower low carbon share
  • Higher low carbon share
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 30%, highest 95%. Colours are relative to Portugal alone.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026. Complete calendar years only.

Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix

Ember annual, 2025

Portugal's closest match is Croatia, 83.1% the same, and the match goes both ways, so they are grid twins.

  1. Croatia 83.1% the same · grid twin Croatia generates 9.6 points more hydro than Portugal
  2. Austria 76.0% the same Austria generates 22.2 points more hydro than Portugal
  3. Chile 74.5% the same Chile generates 17.8 points more coal than Portugal
  4. Lithuania 73.7% the same Lithuania generates 25.9 points less hydro than Portugal
  5. Germany 73.4% the same Germany generates 26.1 points less hydro than Portugal

How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match

Notable Grid Failures Affecting Portugal

History, not live data
The 2025 Iberian Peninsula Blackout 28 April 2025. Spain and Portugal.

Portugal Electricity FAQ

What is the main source of electricity in Portugal?

Hydro was the largest source of electricity in Portugal in 2025, supplying 29.7% of generation, followed by wind (26.8%) and solar (17.3%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.

How much electricity does Portugal use?

Portugal used 60.4 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 5.80 MWh per person.

How clean is Portugal's electricity?

Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Portugal emitted 128 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 80.9% of generation. That is 72% below the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.

Does Portugal import electricity?

Yes. Portugal imported 9.29 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.

When does Portugal use the most electricity?

Averaged over 2016 to 2025, Portugal's electricity demand is highest in January and lowest in April. The busiest month uses 17% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).

Cite this page
APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2026). Portugal Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/portugal/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Portugal Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/portugal/

BibTeX 
@misc{wpm_countries_portugal_2026,
  title = {{Portugal Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/portugal/}
}

Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/portugal/

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