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Turkey Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions

Turkey generated 354 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source at 34.3%, followed by gas (22.1%) and hydro (16.2%). Demand was 352 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 476 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through September 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.

Key Facts

  • Turkey generated 354 TWh of electricity in 2025.
  • Coal supplied 34.3% of Turkey's electricity in 2025.
  • Gas supplied 22.1% of Turkey's electricity in 2025.
  • Hydro supplied 16.2% of Turkey's electricity in 2025.
  • Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 43.3% of Turkey's generation in 2025.
  • The carbon intensity of Turkey's electricity was 476 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • Turkey's carbon intensity in 2025 was 10% lower than in 1990, when it was 526 gCO2/kWh.
  • Turkey had the 15th highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.

Key Figures, 2025

MeasureValueAs of / source
Total generation354 TWh2025 · Ember
Electricity demand352 TWh2025 · Ember
Demand per person4.01 MWh2025 · Ember
Net imports-2.06 TWh2025 · Ember
Carbon intensity476 gCO2/kWh2025 · Ember
Power sector emissions168 MtCO22025 · Ember
Demand rank (countries with 2025 data)15 of 962025 · Ember

Generation Mix, 2025

SourceGenerationShare
Coal 121 TWh 34.3%
Gas 78.4 TWh 22.1%
Hydro 57.3 TWh 16.2%
Wind 39.4 TWh 11.1%
Solar 37.3 TWh 10.5%
Other renewables 10.7 TWh 3.0%
Bioenergy 8.48 TWh 2.4%
Other fossil 1.03 TWh 0.3%
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Year by Year

Ember annual statistics, 1990 to 2025
Turkey electricity generation by source, 1990 to 2025 Turkey's electricity generation by main source from 1990 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were coal at 121 TWh, gas at 78.4 TWh, hydro at 57.3 TWh, wind at 39.4 TWh, solar at 37.3 TWh. 0 38 75 113 150 19901995200020052010201520202025
Turkey's electricity generation by main source from 1990 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were coal at 121 TWh, gas at 78.4 TWh, hydro at 57.3 TWh, wind at 39.4 TWh, solar at 37.3 TWh.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
Turkey electricity generation by source, 1990 to 2025
YearCoalGasHydroWindSolar
199020.2 TWh10.2 TWh23.2 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199121.6 TWh12.6 TWh22.7 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199224.6 TWh10.8 TWh26.6 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199323.8 TWh10.8 TWh34.0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199428.2 TWh13.8 TWh30.6 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199528.0 TWh16.6 TWh35.5 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199630.4 TWh17.2 TWh40.5 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199733.9 TWh22.1 TWh39.8 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199835.7 TWh24.9 TWh42.2 TWh0 TWh0 TWh
199937.0 TWh36.4 TWh34.7 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh
200038.2 TWh46.5 TWh30.9 TWh30.0 GWh0 TWh
200138.4 TWh49.7 TWh24.0 TWh60.0 GWh0 TWh
200232.2 TWh52.5 TWh33.7 TWh50.0 GWh0 TWh
200332.3 TWh63.5 TWh35.3 TWh60.0 GWh0 TWh
200434.5 TWh62.3 TWh46.1 TWh60.0 GWh0 TWh
200543.2 TWh73.5 TWh39.6 TWh60.0 GWh0 TWh
200646.7 TWh80.7 TWh44.2 TWh130 GWh0 TWh
200753.4 TWh95.0 TWh35.9 TWh360 GWh0 TWh
200857.7 TWh98.7 TWh33.3 TWh850 GWh0 TWh
200955.7 TWh96.1 TWh36.0 TWh1.50 TWh0 TWh
201055.1 TWh98.1 TWh51.8 TWh2.92 TWh0 TWh
201166.2 TWh104 TWh52.3 TWh4.72 TWh0 TWh
201268.0 TWh105 TWh57.9 TWh5.86 TWh0 TWh
201363.8 TWh105 TWh59.4 TWh7.56 TWh0 TWh
201476.3 TWh121 TWh40.6 TWh8.52 TWh20.0 GWh
201576.2 TWh99.2 TWh67.2 TWh11.7 TWh190 GWh
201692.3 TWh89.2 TWh67.2 TWh15.5 TWh1.04 TWh
201797.5 TWh110 TWh58.2 TWh17.9 TWh2.89 TWh
2018112 TWh90.1 TWh59.8 TWh19.9 TWh7.80 TWh
2019113 TWh54.9 TWh88.6 TWh21.6 TWh9.57 TWh
2020106 TWh68.1 TWh77.9 TWh24.6 TWh11.2 TWh
2021104 TWh107 TWh55.5 TWh31.0 TWh13.3 TWh
2022114 TWh71.9 TWh66.7 TWh34.7 TWh15.2 TWh
2023118 TWh66.5 TWh63.7 TWh33.9 TWh18.4 TWh
2024121 TWh63.3 TWh74.6 TWh36.5 TWh25.7 TWh
2025121 TWh78.4 TWh57.3 TWh39.4 TWh37.3 TWh
YearGenerationDemandCarbon intensity
2025 354 TWh 352 TWh 476 gCO2/kWh
2024 341 TWh 340 TWh 471 gCO2/kWh
2023 320 TWh 324 TWh 495 gCO2/kWh
2022 321 TWh 323 TWh 489 gCO2/kWh
2021 328 TWh 326 TWh 502 gCO2/kWh
2020 302 TWh 301 TWh 484 gCO2/kWh
2019 300 TWh 300 TWh 490 gCO2/kWh
2018 300 TWh 300 TWh 543 gCO2/kWh
2017 297 TWh 297 TWh 535 gCO2/kWh
2016 274 TWh 279 TWh 523 gCO2/kWh

Full year by year history for Turkey, 1990 to 2025

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Month by Month

Ember monthly statistics through September 2026
Turkey monthly electricity demand and generation, October 2024 to September 2026 Turkey's electricity demand in September 2026 was 30.4 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 31.0 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 401 gCO2/kWh. 0 10 20 30 40 2024-102025-042025-102026-04
Turkey's electricity demand in September 2026 was 30.4 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 31.0 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 401 gCO2/kWh.
Monthly statistics through September 2026, TWh
Turkey monthly electricity demand and generation, October 2024 to September 2026
MonthDemandGeneration
2024-1026.7 TWh27.1 TWh
2024-1127.5 TWh27.9 TWh
2024-1229.7 TWh30.2 TWh
2025-0129.9 TWh30.3 TWh
2025-0227.9 TWh28.3 TWh
2025-0327.8 TWh28.1 TWh
2025-0426.7 TWh26.7 TWh
2025-0528.0 TWh27.8 TWh
2025-0627.9 TWh27.8 TWh
2025-0735.0 TWh35.3 TWh
2025-0834.7 TWh35.1 TWh
2025-0929.6 TWh29.6 TWh
2025-1027.4 TWh27.4 TWh
2025-1127.2 TWh27.4 TWh
2025-1230.7 TWh31.0 TWh
2026-0131.5 TWh31.9 TWh
2026-0227.4 TWh27.6 TWh
2026-0329.0 TWh29.3 TWh
2026-0427.3 TWh27.5 TWh
2026-0526.3 TWh26.5 TWh
2026-0629.4 TWh29.7 TWh
2026-0734.4 TWh34.5 TWh
2026-0835.2 TWh35.8 TWh
2026-0930.4 TWh31.0 TWh

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of September 2026.

Seasonal Patterns in Turkey

Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through September 2026

Electricity demand by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2018 to 2025, demand is highest in August and lowest in April, and the busiest month uses 25% more electricity per day than the quietest.

Turkey's electricity demand for each month, in TWh, 2018 to 2025. Colour shows demand per day, so short months are not shaded as quiet.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 29.9 27.9 27.8 26.7 28.0 27.9 35.0 34.7 29.6 27.4 27.2 30.7
2024 27.7 26.4 27.5 24.0 26.9 28.5 34.1 33.3 28.0 26.7 27.5 29.7
2023 27.3 24.1 26.2 23.8 26.0 24.8 31.4 33.0 28.2 25.7 25.9 27.5
2022 28.2 25.4 28.2 25.7 25.1 27.0 28.7 31.5 27.1 25.1 24.7 26.6
2021 26.7 24.1 27.4 25.6 24.9 26.5 30.4 32.2 27.3 26.0 26.4 28.7
2020 26.7 24.8 24.6 20.1 20.7 23.6 28.5 28.6 27.2 24.9 25.1 26.8
2019 25.7 23.2 24.6 23.4 24.6 24.0 28.5 27.5 25.1 23.7 23.7 25.9
2018 26.1 23.2 24.7 23.5 23.8 23.7 29.2 27.6 25.0 23.3 23.8 25.4
  • Lower demand per day
  • Higher demand per day
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 20.1 TWh, highest 35.0 TWh. Colours are relative to Turkey alone.

Low carbon share of generation by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2018 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in April (55%) and lowest in November (34%), a gap of 21.1 points.

Share of Turkey's electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources for each month, in percent, 2018 to 2025.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 37% 37% 48% 55% 56% 52% 43% 42% 41% 37% 37% 34%
2024 53% 50% 46% 64% 55% 50% 44% 39% 39% 41% 37% 36%
2023 31% 33% 43% 55% 51% 54% 43% 37% 38% 36% 40% 46%
2022 35% 39% 49% 55% 55% 48% 46% 36% 35% 37% 35% 32%
2021 34% 36% 40% 50% 43% 33% 35% 31% 30% 33% 30% 32%
2020 36% 45% 56% 66% 62% 44% 42% 40% 36% 31% 30% 30%
2019 43% 45% 47% 56% 59% 55% 41% 42% 38% 34% 32% 33%
2018 28% 27% 39% 39% 39% 36% 31% 35% 28% 23% 29% 34%
  • Lower low carbon share
  • Higher low carbon share
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 23%, highest 66%. Colours are relative to Turkey alone.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of September 2026. Complete calendar years only.

Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix

Ember annual, 2025

Turkey's closest match is North Macedonia, 78.5% the same.

  1. North Macedonia 78.5% the same North Macedonia generates 17.7 points more solar than Turkey
  2. Australia 77.2% the same Australia generates 11.8 points less hydro than Turkey
  3. Malaysia 76.9% the same Malaysia generates 11.3 points more gas than Turkey
  4. Japan 75.7% the same Japan generates 10.6 points more gas than Turkey
  5. Dominican Republic 75.3% the same The Dominican Republic generates 20.1 points more other fossil than Turkey

How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match

Turkey Electricity FAQ

What is the main source of electricity in Turkey?

Coal was the largest source of electricity in Turkey in 2025, supplying 34.3% of generation, followed by gas (22.1%) and hydro (16.2%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.

How much electricity does Turkey use?

Turkey used 352 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 4.01 MWh per person.

How clean is Turkey's electricity?

Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Turkey emitted 476 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 43.3% of generation. That is 3% above the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.

Does Turkey import electricity?

No. Turkey was a net exporter in 2025, exporting 2.06 TWh more than it imported.

When does Turkey use the most electricity?

Averaged over 2018 to 2025, Turkey's electricity demand is highest in August and lowest in April. The busiest month uses 25% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).

Cite this page
APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2026). Turkey Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/turkey/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Turkey Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-09. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/turkey/

BibTeX 
@misc{wpm_countries_turkey_2026,
  title = {{Turkey Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Data as of 2026-09. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/turkey/}
}

Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/turkey/

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