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Data as of 2025
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Built 2026-09-19 (19 September 2026)

Turkey Electricity History, 1990 to 2025

Turkey generated 57.5 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 354 TWh in 2025. Turkey's electricity demand peaked at 352 TWh in 2025. The carbon intensity of Turkey's electricity went from 526 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 476 gCO2/kWh in 2025. Figures are Ember annual statistics; Ember's series for Turkey starts in 1990.

Key Facts

  • Turkey generated 57.5 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 354 TWh in 2025.
  • Turkey's electricity demand peaked at 352 TWh in 2025.
  • The carbon intensity of Turkey's electricity went from 526 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 476 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • Turkey's lowest carbon intensity on record was 471 gCO2/kWh, in 2024.
  • Hydro's share of Turkey's electricity went from 40.2% in 1990 to 16.2% in 2025, the largest change of any source.

Generation and Demand

1990 to 2025, TWh
Turkey electricity generation and demand, 1990 to 2025 Turkey generated 57.5 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 354 TWh in 2025. 0 100 200 300 400 19901995200020052010201520202025
Turkey generated 57.5 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 354 TWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
Turkey electricity generation and demand, 1990 to 2025
YearGenerationDemand
199057.5 TWh56.8 TWh
199160.2 TWh60.5 TWh
199267.4 TWh67.2 TWh
199373.8 TWh73.4 TWh
199478.3 TWh77.8 TWh
199586.2 TWh85.5 TWh
199694.9 TWh94.8 TWh
1997103 TWh106 TWh
1998111 TWh114 TWh
1999116 TWh118 TWh
2000124 TWh128 TWh
2001122 TWh126 TWh
2002128 TWh132 TWh
2003140 TWh140 TWh
2004150 TWh149 TWh
2005162 TWh160 TWh
2006176 TWh175 TWh
2007192 TWh190 TWh
2008198 TWh198 TWh
2009195 TWh194 TWh
2010211 TWh210 TWh
2011229 TWh230 TWh
2012239 TWh242 TWh
2013240 TWh246 TWh
2014252 TWh257 TWh
2015262 TWh266 TWh
2016274 TWh279 TWh
2017297 TWh297 TWh
2018300 TWh300 TWh
2019300 TWh300 TWh
2020302 TWh301 TWh
2021328 TWh326 TWh
2022321 TWh323 TWh
2023320 TWh324 TWh
2024341 TWh340 TWh
2025354 TWh352 TWh

Carbon Intensity

gCO2 per kWh generated
Turkey carbon intensity of electricity, 1990 to 2025 The carbon intensity of Turkey's electricity went from 526 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 476 gCO2/kWh in 2025. 0 200 400 600 800 19901995200020052010201520202025
The carbon intensity of Turkey's electricity went from 526 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 476 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025
Turkey carbon intensity of electricity, 1990 to 2025
YearCarbon intensity
1990526 gCO2/kWh
1991539 gCO2/kWh
1992539 gCO2/kWh
1993481 gCO2/kWh
1994537 gCO2/kWh
1995505 gCO2/kWh
1996496 gCO2/kWh
1997519 gCO2/kWh
1998519 gCO2/kWh
1999557 gCO2/kWh
2000574 gCO2/kWh
2001605 gCO2/kWh
2002536 gCO2/kWh
2003525 gCO2/kWh
2004494 gCO2/kWh
2005544 gCO2/kWh
2006538 gCO2/kWh
2007578 gCO2/kWh
2008593 gCO2/kWh
2009577 gCO2/kWh
2010525 gCO2/kWh
2011541 gCO2/kWh
2012528 gCO2/kWh
2013510 gCO2/kWh
2014567 gCO2/kWh
2015505 gCO2/kWh
2016523 gCO2/kWh
2017535 gCO2/kWh
2018543 gCO2/kWh
2019490 gCO2/kWh
2020484 gCO2/kWh
2021502 gCO2/kWh
2022489 gCO2/kWh
2023495 gCO2/kWh
2024471 gCO2/kWh
2025476 gCO2/kWh

Every Year

YearGenerationDemandNet importsCarbon intensityLow carbon share
2025 354 TWh 352 TWh -2.09 TWh 476 gCO2/kWh 43.3%
2024 341 TWh 340 TWh -990 GWh 471 gCO2/kWh 45.6%
2023 320 TWh 324 TWh 4.02 TWh 495 gCO2/kWh 42.0%
2022 321 TWh 323 TWh 2.73 TWh 489 gCO2/kWh 41.9%
2021 328 TWh 326 TWh -1.85 TWh 502 gCO2/kWh 35.4%
2020 302 TWh 301 TWh -590 GWh 484 gCO2/kWh 42.2%
2019 300 TWh 300 TWh -580 GWh 490 gCO2/kWh 43.8%
2018 300 TWh 300 TWh -630 GWh 543 gCO2/kWh 32.3%
2017 297 TWh 297 TWh -580 GWh 535 gCO2/kWh 29.3%
2016 274 TWh 279 TWh 4.88 TWh 523 gCO2/kWh 32.9%
2015 262 TWh 266 TWh 3.94 TWh 505 gCO2/kWh 31.9%
2014 252 TWh 257 TWh 5.26 TWh 567 gCO2/kWh 20.9%
2013 240 TWh 246 TWh 6.20 TWh 510 gCO2/kWh 28.8%
2012 239 TWh 242 TWh 2.87 TWh 528 gCO2/kWh 27.2%
2011 229 TWh 230 TWh 910 GWh 541 gCO2/kWh 25.3%
2010 211 TWh 210 TWh -770 GWh 525 gCO2/kWh 26.4%
2009 195 TWh 194 TWh -730 GWh 577 gCO2/kWh 19.6%
2008 198 TWh 198 TWh -330 GWh 593 gCO2/kWh 17.3%
2007 192 TWh 190 TWh -1.56 TWh 578 gCO2/kWh 19.0%
2006 176 TWh 175 TWh -1.66 TWh 538 gCO2/kWh 25.3%
2005 162 TWh 160 TWh -1.16 TWh 544 gCO2/kWh 24.6%
2004 150 TWh 149 TWh -680 GWh 494 gCO2/kWh 30.9%
2003 140 TWh 140 TWh 570 GWh 525 gCO2/kWh 25.5%
2002 128 TWh 132 TWh 3.15 TWh 536 gCO2/kWh 26.4%
2001 122 TWh 126 TWh 4.15 TWh 605 gCO2/kWh 19.9%
2000 124 TWh 128 TWh 3.35 TWh 574 gCO2/kWh 25.0%
1999 116 TWh 118 TWh 2.04 TWh 557 gCO2/kWh 30.0%
1998 111 TWh 114 TWh 3.00 TWh 519 gCO2/kWh 38.3%
1997 103 TWh 106 TWh 2.22 TWh 519 gCO2/kWh 38.9%
1996 94.9 TWh 94.8 TWh -70.0 GWh 496 gCO2/kWh 42.9%
1995 86.2 TWh 85.5 TWh -700 GWh 505 gCO2/kWh 41.6%
1994 78.3 TWh 77.8 TWh -540 GWh 537 gCO2/kWh 39.2%
1993 73.8 TWh 73.4 TWh -380 GWh 481 gCO2/kWh 46.2%
1992 67.4 TWh 67.2 TWh -130 GWh 539 gCO2/kWh 39.6%
1991 60.2 TWh 60.5 TWh 250 GWh 539 gCO2/kWh 37.9%
1990 57.5 TWh 56.8 TWh -730 GWh 526 gCO2/kWh 40.4%

Share of Generation by Source

Percent of total generation
YearCoalGasOther fossilHydroWindSolarBioenergyOther renewables
202534.3%22.1%0.3%16.2%11.1%10.5%2.4%3.0%
202435.6%18.6%0.3%21.9%10.7%7.5%2.5%3.0%
202336.9%20.8%0.3%19.9%10.6%5.8%2.6%3.2%
202235.4%22.4%0.2%20.8%10.8%4.7%2.4%3.2%
202131.8%32.7%0.1%16.9%9.5%4.1%1.9%3.1%
202035.2%22.5%0.1%25.8%8.2%3.7%1.4%3.1%
201937.6%18.3%0.3%29.5%7.2%3.2%1.1%2.7%
201837.3%30.0%0.5%19.9%6.6%2.6%0.8%2.3%
201732.8%37.2%0.7%19.6%6.0%1.0%0.7%2.1%
201633.6%32.5%1.0%24.5%5.7%0.4%0.6%1.8%
201529.1%37.9%1.1%25.7%4.5%0.1%0.5%1.3%
201430.3%47.9%1.0%16.1%3.4%0.0%0.4%0.9%
201326.6%43.8%0.8%24.7%3.2%0.0%0.4%0.6%
201228.4%43.6%0.7%24.2%2.5%0.0%0.3%0.4%
201128.9%45.4%0.5%22.8%2.1%0.0%0.2%0.3%
201026.1%46.5%1.1%24.5%1.4%0.0%0.2%0.3%
200928.6%49.3%2.5%18.5%0.8%0.0%0.1%0.2%
200829.1%49.7%3.8%16.8%0.4%0.0%0.1%0.1%
200727.9%49.6%3.5%18.7%0.2%0.0%0.1%0.1%
200626.5%45.8%2.5%25.1%0.1%0.0%0.0%0.1%
200526.7%45.5%3.2%24.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%
200423.0%41.6%4.5%30.8%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
200323.1%45.5%5.9%25.3%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
200225.0%40.9%7.6%26.2%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
200131.4%40.7%8.0%19.6%0.1%0.0%0.2%0.1%
200030.7%37.4%6.8%24.8%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
199931.8%31.3%6.9%29.8%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
199832.2%22.4%7.1%38.0%0.0%0.0%0.2%0.1%
199732.8%21.4%6.9%38.6%0.0%0.0%0.3%0.1%
199632.1%18.1%6.9%42.7%0.0%0.0%0.2%0.1%
199532.5%19.2%6.7%41.2%0.0%0.0%0.3%0.1%
199436.1%17.6%7.1%39.1%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
199332.2%14.6%7.0%46.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
199236.5%16.1%7.8%39.5%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
199135.8%20.9%5.5%37.7%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.1%
199035.1%17.7%6.9%40.2%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.