Peak Coal and Peak Emissions: 53 Countries Past Peak Coal, 60 Past Peak CO2
53 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 7 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising. 60 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 21 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising. World coal generation was the highest in the data in 2025, 10,611 TWh, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000). The biggest coal generators now are China (peaked in 2024 at 5,836 TWh, 1.4% below that in 2025), India (peaked in 2024 at 1,518 TWh, 2.9% below that in 2025) and the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025). The 53 countries past peak coal generated 2,244 TWh of coal in their latest year, 21% of the 10,562 TWh generated by all 68 countries here. Each country is read at its own latest Ember year (most report 2025 or 2024), so the figures are not all for the same year. Data as of 2025, Ember annual statistics.
Peaks at a Glance
Each country at its own latest year, through 2025Key Facts, 2025
- 53 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 7 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising.
- Among countries past peak coal generation, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2017 at 363 TWh, 9.2% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 1990 or earlier at 310 TWh, 66.4% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2017 at 261 TWh, 25.4% below that in 2025) and South Africa (peaked in 2007 at 248 TWh, 20.2% below that in 2025).
- World coal generation was the highest in the data in 2025, 10,611 TWh, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000).
- The biggest coal generators now are China (peaked in 2024 at 5,836 TWh, 1.4% below that in 2025), India (peaked in 2024 at 1,518 TWh, 2.9% below that in 2025) and the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025).
- The 53 countries past peak coal generated 2,244 TWh of coal in their latest year, 21% of the 10,562 TWh generated by all 68 countries here.
- 60 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 21 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising.
- Among countries past peak power sector CO2 emissions, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,479 MtCO2, 29.9% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2012 at 658 MtCO2, 25.3% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 2007 at 348 MtCO2, 52.3% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2018 at 308 MtCO2, 15.3% below that in 2025) and the United Kingdom (peaked in 1991 at 226 MtCO2, 71.7% below that in 2025).
- World power sector CO2 emissions were the highest in the data in 2025, 14,653 MtCO2, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000).
World Coal Generation
Ember World region, 2000 to 2025| Year | World coal generation |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 5,809 TWh |
| 2001 | 5,891 TWh |
| 2002 | 6,144 TWh |
| 2003 | 6,575 TWh |
| 2004 | 6,797 TWh |
| 2005 | 7,167 TWh |
| 2006 | 7,567 TWh |
| 2007 | 8,052 TWh |
| 2008 | 8,074 TWh |
| 2009 | 7,951 TWh |
| 2010 | 8,468 TWh |
| 2011 | 8,922 TWh |
| 2012 | 8,972 TWh |
| 2013 | 9,437 TWh |
| 2014 | 9,619 TWh |
| 2015 | 9,296 TWh |
| 2016 | 9,337 TWh |
| 2017 | 9,668 TWh |
| 2018 | 10,045 TWh |
| 2019 | 9,836 TWh |
| 2020 | 9,445 TWh |
| 2021 | 10,169 TWh |
| 2022 | 10,271 TWh |
| 2023 | 10,419 TWh |
| 2024 | 10,546 TWh |
| 2025 | 10,611 TWh |
Countries Past Peak, by the Year of Their Peak
53 past peak coal, 60 past peak CO2| Year | Past peak coal generation | Past peak power sector CO2 |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 3 | 3 |
| 1991 | 5 | 5 |
| 1992 | 5 | 5 |
| 1993 | 5 | 5 |
| 1994 | 5 | 5 |
| 1995 | 5 | 5 |
| 1996 | 7 | 7 |
| 1997 | 7 | 7 |
| 1998 | 7 | 8 |
| 1999 | 8 | 9 |
| 2000 | 9 | 9 |
| 2001 | 11 | 12 |
| 2002 | 12 | 12 |
| 2003 | 14 | 15 |
| 2004 | 14 | 15 |
| 2005 | 17 | 18 |
| 2006 | 19 | 22 |
| 2007 | 23 | 28 |
| 2008 | 24 | 28 |
| 2009 | 24 | 29 |
| 2010 | 25 | 31 |
| 2011 | 27 | 32 |
| 2012 | 30 | 35 |
| 2013 | 30 | 37 |
| 2014 | 33 | 39 |
| 2015 | 35 | 41 |
| 2016 | 38 | 45 |
| 2017 | 40 | 46 |
| 2018 | 43 | 50 |
| 2019 | 46 | 56 |
| 2020 | 48 | 56 |
| 2021 | 52 | 60 |
| 2022 | 53 | 60 |
| 2023 | 53 | 60 |
| 2024 | 53 | 60 |
| 2025 | 53 | 60 |
Coal Generation: Peak Year by Country
68 countries ranked53 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 7 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising.
Past peak (53), biggest peak first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚭馃嚫 United States | 2007 | 2,016 TWh | 737 TWh (2025) | 63.4% |
| 2. 馃嚡馃嚨 Japan | 2017 | 363 TWh | 330 TWh (2025) | 9.2% |
| 3. 馃嚛馃嚜 Germany | 1990 or earlier | 310 TWh | 104 TWh (2025) | 66.4% |
| 4. 馃嚢馃嚪 South Korea | 2017 | 261 TWh | 195 TWh (2025) | 25.4% |
| 5. 馃嚳馃嚘 South Africa | 2007 | 248 TWh | 198 TWh (2025) | 20.2% |
| 6. 馃嚞馃嚙 United Kingdom | 1991 | 211 TWh | 330 GWh (2025) | 99.8% |
| 7. 馃嚘馃嚭 Australia | 2006 | 186 TWh | 122 TWh (2025) | 34.2% |
| 8. 馃嚨馃嚤 Poland | 2006 | 147 TWh | 87.3 TWh (2025) | 40.6% |
| 9. 馃嚬馃嚰 Taiwan | 2018 | 134 TWh | 105 TWh (2025) | 22.1% |
| 10. 馃嚚馃嚘 Canada | 2000 | 116 TWh | 26.1 TWh (2025) | 77.6% |
| 11. 馃嚜馃嚫 Spain | 2002 | 81.2 TWh | 910 GWh (2025) | 98.9% |
| 12. 馃嚢馃嚳 Kazakhstan | 2018 | 75.8 TWh | 66.6 TWh (2025) | 12.1% |
| 13. 馃嚚馃嚳 Czechia | 2007 | 53.8 TWh | 26.6 TWh (2025) | 50.6% |
| 14. 馃嚠馃嚬 Italy | 2012 | 49.1 TWh | 3.57 TWh (2025) | 92.7% |
| 15. 馃嚛馃嚢 Denmark | 1996 | 39.7 TWh | 160 GWh (2025) | 99.6% |
| 16. 馃嚝馃嚪 France | 1991 | 39.6 TWh | 1.75 TWh (2025) | 95.6% |
| 17. 馃嚦馃嚤 Netherlands | 2015 | 39.4 TWh | 9.56 TWh (2025) | 75.7% |
| 18. 馃嚠馃嚤 Israel | 2012 | 38.7 TWh | 2.80 TWh (2025) | 92.8% |
| 19. 馃嚬馃嚟 Thailand | 2014 | 37.6 TWh | 33.6 TWh (2025) | 10.6% |
| 20. 馃嚞馃嚪 Greece | 2005 | 35.5 TWh | 2.75 TWh (2025) | 92.3% |
| 21. 馃嚥馃嚱 Mexico | 2016 | 34.5 TWh | 10.9 TWh (2025) | 68.4% |
| 22. 馃嚟馃嚢 Hong Kong | 2014 | 30.4 TWh | 12.6 TWh (2024) | 58.6% |
| 23. 馃嚚馃嚤 Chile | 2016 | 30.3 TWh | 15.7 TWh (2025) | 48.1% |
| 24. 馃嚥馃嚘 Morocco | 2022 | 29.0 TWh | 27.5 TWh (2025) | 5.0% |
| 25. 馃嚪馃嚫 Serbia | 2011 | 28.7 TWh | 23.9 TWh (2025) | 16.9% |
| 26. 馃嚙馃嚞 Bulgaria | 2011 | 27.5 TWh | 8.58 TWh (2025) | 68.8% |
| 27. 馃嚙馃嚪 Brazil | 2015 | 27.0 TWh | 17.2 TWh (2025) | 36.2% |
| 28. 馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan | 2021 | 26.7 TWh | 24.8 TWh (2025) | 7.4% |
| 29. 馃嚪馃嚧 Romania | 2008 | 25.8 TWh | 7.55 TWh (2025) | 70.8% |
| 30. 馃嚝馃嚠 Finland | 2003 | 19.3 TWh | 150 GWh (2025) | 99.2% |
| 31. 馃嚙馃嚜 Belgium | 1990 or earlier | 17.1 TWh | 0 TWh (2025) | 100.0% |
| 32. 馃嚨馃嚬 Portugal | 2005 | 15.2 TWh | 0 TWh (2025) | 100.0% |
| 33. 馃嚙馃嚘 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2018 | 12.4 TWh | 8.11 TWh (2025) | 34.8% |
| 34. 馃嚢馃嚨 North Korea | 2019 | 11.9 TWh | 9.23 TWh (2024) | 22.2% |
| 35. 馃嚟馃嚭 Hungary | 1999 | 10.2 TWh | 1.36 TWh (2025) | 86.6% |
| 36. 馃嚘馃嚬 Austria | 2003 | 8.44 TWh | 0 TWh (2025) | 100.0% |
| 37. 馃嚫馃嚢 Slovakia | 1990 or earlier | 7.50 TWh | 310 GWh (2025) | 95.9% |
| 38. 馃嚠馃嚜 Ireland | 2001 | 7.06 TWh | 460 GWh (2025) | 93.5% |
| 39. 馃嚤馃嚢 Sri Lanka | 2020 | 6.36 TWh | 5.14 TWh (2025) | 19.2% |
| 40. 馃嚫馃嚠 Slovenia | 2007 | 5.48 TWh | 2.30 TWh (2025) | 58.0% |
The 40 biggest peaks of 53 past peak countries are shown.
At or near peak, or still rising (15), biggest now first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚚馃嚦 China | 2024 | 5,836 TWh | 5,756 TWh (2025) | 1.4% | At or near peak |
| 2. 馃嚠馃嚦 India | 2024 | 1,518 TWh | 1,474 TWh (2025) | 2.9% | At or near peak |
| 3. 馃嚠馃嚛 Indonesia | 2025 | 366 TWh | 366 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 4. 馃嚪馃嚭 Russia | 2025 | 219 TWh | 219 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 5. 馃嚮馃嚦 Vietnam | 2024 | 153 TWh | 150 TWh (2025) | 1.8% | At or near peak |
| 6. 馃嚬馃嚪 Turkey | 2025 | 121 TWh | 121 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 7. 馃嚥馃嚲 Malaysia | 2025 | 94.4 TWh | 94.4 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 8. 馃嚨馃嚟 Philippines | 2024 | 79.4 TWh | 72.2 TWh (2025) | 9.0% | At or near peak |
| 9. 馃嚙馃嚛 Bangladesh | 2025 | 22.3 TWh | 22.3 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 10. 馃嚤馃嚘 Laos | 2024 | 12.2 TWh | 12.2 TWh (2024) | at peak | Still rising |
| 11. 馃嚢馃嚟 Cambodia | 2025 | 10.1 TWh | 10.1 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 12. 馃嚛馃嚧 Dominican Republic | 2023 | 7.72 TWh | 6.59 TWh (2025) | 14.6% | At or near peak |
| 13. 馃嚭馃嚳 Uzbekistan | 2025 | 5.70 TWh | 5.70 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 14. 馃嚚馃嚧 Colombia | 2024 | 11.2 TWh | 5.53 TWh (2025) | 50.7% | At or near peak |
| 15. 馃嚳馃嚥 Zambia | 2022 | 2.16 TWh | 2.13 TWh (2024) | 1.4% | At or near peak |
Left out of the coal generation ranking: 106 countries generating under 10 TWh, 34 with fewer than 15 years of data, 6 with no meaningful coal and 1 whose latest year is too old.
Power Sector CO2 Emissions: Peak Year by Country
103 countries ranked60 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 21 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising.
Past peak (60), biggest peak first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚭馃嚫 United States | 2007 | 2,479 MtCO2 | 1,737 MtCO2 (2025) | 29.9% |
| 2. 馃嚡馃嚨 Japan | 2012 | 658 MtCO2 | 492 MtCO2 (2025) | 25.3% |
| 3. 馃嚛馃嚜 Germany | 2007 | 348 MtCO2 | 166 MtCO2 (2025) | 52.3% |
| 4. 馃嚢馃嚪 South Korea | 2018 | 308 MtCO2 | 261 MtCO2 (2025) | 15.3% |
| 5. 馃嚞馃嚙 United Kingdom | 1991 | 226 MtCO2 | 64.0 MtCO2 (2025) | 71.7% |
| 6. 馃嚳馃嚘 South Africa | 2007 | 213 MtCO2 | 170 MtCO2 (2025) | 20.5% |
| 7. 馃嚘馃嚭 Australia | 2009 | 196 MtCO2 | 150 MtCO2 (2025) | 23.3% |
| 8. 馃嚥馃嚱 Mexico | 2018 | 183 MtCO2 | 169 MtCO2 (2025) | 7.5% |
| 9. 馃嚠馃嚬 Italy | 2006 | 155 MtCO2 | 75.6 MtCO2 (2025) | 51.2% |
| 10. 馃嚚馃嚘 Canada | 2001 | 150 MtCO2 | 124 MtCO2 (2025) | 17.2% |
| 11. 馃嚨馃嚤 Poland | 2006 | 150 MtCO2 | 102 MtCO2 (2025) | 32.0% |
| 12. 馃嚜馃嚫 Spain | 2005 | 138 MtCO2 | 44.2 MtCO2 (2025) | 67.9% |
| 13. 馃嚙馃嚪 Brazil | 2014 | 114 MtCO2 | 82.6 MtCO2 (2025) | 27.5% |
| 14. 馃嚘馃嚜 United Arab Emirates | 2019 | 91.4 MtCO2 | 82.9 MtCO2 (2024) | 9.3% |
| 15. 馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan | 2021 | 67.2 MtCO2 | 52.7 MtCO2 (2025) | 21.6% |
| 16. 馃嚘馃嚪 Argentina | 2016 | 63.6 MtCO2 | 52.4 MtCO2 (2025) | 17.5% |
| 17. 馃嚦馃嚤 Netherlands | 2015 | 60.1 MtCO2 | 34.3 MtCO2 (2025) | 43.0% |
| 18. 馃嚚馃嚳 Czechia | 2007 | 57.3 MtCO2 | 30.3 MtCO2 (2025) | 47.1% |
| 19. 馃嚝馃嚪 France | 1991 | 54.8 MtCO2 | 23.7 MtCO2 (2025) | 56.8% |
| 20. 馃嚞馃嚪 Greece | 2007 | 48.5 MtCO2 | 18.8 MtCO2 (2025) | 61.2% |
| 21. 馃嚠馃嚤 Israel | 2012 | 48.0 MtCO2 | 40.5 MtCO2 (2025) | 15.7% |
| 22. 馃嚛馃嚢 Denmark | 1996 | 43.6 MtCO2 | 3.44 MtCO2 (2025) | 92.1% |
| 23. 馃嚮馃嚜 Venezuela | 2016 | 41.7 MtCO2 | 6.88 MtCO2 (2024) | 83.5% |
| 24. 馃嚚馃嚤 Chile | 2013 | 40.4 MtCO2 | 25.7 MtCO2 (2025) | 36.3% |
| 25. 馃嚪馃嚧 Romania | 1990 or earlier | 37.6 MtCO2 | 12.9 MtCO2 (2025) | 65.6% |
| 26. 馃嚟馃嚢 Hong Kong | 2014 | 34.2 MtCO2 | 25.3 MtCO2 (2024) | 26.1% |
| 27. 馃嚫馃嚲 Syria | 2010 | 32.3 MtCO2 | 17.6 MtCO2 (2024) | 45.7% |
| 28. 馃嚝馃嚠 Finland | 2003 | 31.3 MtCO2 | 4.71 MtCO2 (2025) | 85.0% |
| 29. 馃嚪馃嚫 Serbia | 1990 or earlier | 30.7 MtCO2 | 25.5 MtCO2 (2025) | 16.8% |
| 30. 馃嚙馃嚞 Bulgaria | 2011 | 28.9 MtCO2 | 10.5 MtCO2 (2025) | 63.7% |
| 31. 馃嚨馃嚬 Portugal | 2005 | 27.4 MtCO2 | 6.53 MtCO2 (2025) | 76.2% |
| 32. 馃嚙馃嚜 Belgium | 1998 | 24.0 MtCO2 | 9.06 MtCO2 (2025) | 62.2% |
| 33. 馃嚙馃嚲 Belarus | 2019 | 20.2 MtCO2 | 14.3 MtCO2 (2025) | 29.0% |
| 34. 馃嚟馃嚭 Hungary | 1999 | 17.6 MtCO2 | 6.53 MtCO2 (2025) | 63.0% |
| 35. 馃嚨馃嚪 Puerto Rico | 2006 | 17.2 MtCO2 | 12.8 MtCO2 (2025) | 25.5% |
| 36. 馃嚘馃嚬 Austria | 2003 | 16.4 MtCO2 | 8.53 MtCO2 (2025) | 47.9% |
| 37. 馃嚠馃嚜 Ireland | 2001 | 15.8 MtCO2 | 8.23 MtCO2 (2025) | 47.8% |
| 38. 馃嚚馃嚭 Cuba | 2018 | 13.5 MtCO2 | 12.5 MtCO2 (2024) | 7.1% |
| 39. 馃嚡馃嚧 Jordan | 2017 | 13.4 MtCO2 | 12.5 MtCO2 (2024) | 6.3% |
| 40. 馃嚙馃嚘 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2018 | 12.6 MtCO2 | 8.34 MtCO2 (2025) | 33.8% |
The 40 biggest peaks of 60 past peak countries are shown.
At or near peak, or still rising (43), biggest now first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚚馃嚦 China | 2024 | 5,604 MtCO2 | 5,550 MtCO2 (2025) | 1.0% | At or near peak |
| 2. 馃嚠馃嚦 India | 2024 | 1,439 MtCO2 | 1,396 MtCO2 (2025) | 3.0% | At or near peak |
| 3. 馃嚪馃嚭 Russia | 2025 | 537 MtCO2 | 537 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 4. 馃嚠馃嚛 Indonesia | 2025 | 373 MtCO2 | 373 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 5. 馃嚫馃嚘 Saudi Arabia | 2024 | 315 MtCO2 | 315 MtCO2 (2024) | at peak | Still rising |
| 6. 馃嚠馃嚪 Iran | 2025 | 262 MtCO2 | 262 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 7. 馃嚬馃嚰 Taiwan | 2021 | 190 MtCO2 | 183 MtCO2 (2025) | 3.5% | At or near peak |
| 8. 馃嚬馃嚪 Turkey | 2025 | 168 MtCO2 | 168 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 9. 馃嚮馃嚦 Vietnam | 2024 | 148 MtCO2 | 144 MtCO2 (2025) | 2.8% | At or near peak |
| 10. 馃嚜馃嚞 Egypt | 2025 | 138 MtCO2 | 138 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 11. 馃嚥馃嚲 Malaysia | 2024 | 128 MtCO2 | 127 MtCO2 (2025) | 0.2% | At or near peak |
| 12. 馃嚬馃嚟 Thailand | 2024 | 114 MtCO2 | 103 MtCO2 (2025) | 9.8% | At or near peak |
| 13. 馃嚠馃嚩 Iraq | 2024 | 102 MtCO2 | 102 MtCO2 (2024) | at peak | Still rising |
| 14. 馃嚢馃嚳 Kazakhstan | 2025 | 99.7 MtCO2 | 99.7 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 15. 馃嚭馃嚳 Uzbekistan | 2025 | 86.7 MtCO2 | 86.7 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
The 15 biggest of 43 countries not past peak are shown.
Left out of the power sector CO2 emissions ranking: 106 countries generating under 10 TWh, 0 with fewer than 15 years of data, 5 with no meaningful emissions and 1 whose latest year is too old.
How Past Peak Is Defined
A country is "past peak" when its highest value is at least 3 years before its latest value and the latest value is at least 5% below that highest value. "Still rising" means the latest value is the highest on record; everything else is "at or near peak". Countries need at least 10 TWh of generation in their latest year and 15 years of data, a highest value of at least 1.00 TWh of coal or 1.00 MtCO2 of emissions (otherwise they have no coal or emissions worth ranking), and a latest value no older than 2024. The peak is the highest value in Ember's data, which starts in 1985 for the earliest country series; a peak in a series' first year is shown as "or earlier" because the true peak may predate the data. Negative values are treated as missing.
Questions About Peak Coal and Peak Emissions
Which countries are past peak coal?
53 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 7 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising. Among countries past peak coal generation, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2017 at 363 TWh, 9.2% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 1990 or earlier at 310 TWh, 66.4% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2017 at 261 TWh, 25.4% below that in 2025) and South Africa (peaked in 2007 at 248 TWh, 20.2% below that in 2025). Past peak means the highest value is at least 3 years before the latest one and the latest is at least 5% below it.
Has world coal generation peaked?
World coal generation was the highest in the data in 2025, 10,611 TWh, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000).
Which countries are past peak power sector emissions?
60 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 21 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising. Among countries past peak power sector CO2 emissions, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,479 MtCO2, 29.9% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2012 at 658 MtCO2, 25.3% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 2007 at 348 MtCO2, 52.3% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2018 at 308 MtCO2, 15.3% below that in 2025) and the United Kingdom (peaked in 1991 at 226 MtCO2, 71.7% below that in 2025).
Which big coal users have not peaked?
The biggest coal generators now are China (peaked in 2024 at 5,836 TWh, 1.4% below that in 2025), India (peaked in 2024 at 1,518 TWh, 2.9% below that in 2025) and the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025). Past peak means the highest value is at least 3 years before the latest one and the latest is at least 5% below it.
How is "past peak" defined here?
A country is "past peak" when its highest value is at least 3 years before its latest value and the latest value is at least 5% below that highest value. "Still rising" means the latest value is the highest on record; everything else is "at or near peak". Countries need at least 10 TWh of generation in their latest year and 15 years of data, a highest value of at least 1.00 TWh of coal or 1.00 MtCO2 of emissions (otherwise they have no coal or emissions worth ranking), and a latest value no older than 2024. The peak is the highest value in Ember's data, which starts in 1985 for the earliest country series; a peak in a series' first year is shown as "or earlier" because the true peak may predate the data. Negative values are treated as missing.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025. Annual statistics from Ember.