Indonesia vs South Korea: Electricity Compared

Indonesia generated 372 TWh of electricity in 2024 and South Korea 625 TWh, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source in both, at 61.5% in Indonesia and 30.5% in South Korea. Each kWh generated emitted 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 416 gCO2/kWh in South Korea. These are Ember annual statistics for 2024, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Ember's latest annual figures for Indonesia are for 2024, while South Korea has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2024 for both.

Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 61.5% of Indonesia's electricity in 2024, against 30.5% in South Korea.
Indonesia's electricity was 1.6 times as carbon intensive as South Korea's in 2024, at 681 gCO2/kWh against 416 gCO2/kWh.
The average person in South Korea used 12.09 MWh of electricity in 2024, 9.2 times as much as in Indonesia (1.31 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 18.1% of Indonesia's electricity in 2024 and 39.9% of South Korea's.
Electricity demand in 2024 was 373 TWh in Indonesia and 625 TWh in South Korea.

Key Figures, 2024

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Indonesia	South Korea
Total generation	372 TWh	625 TWh
Electricity demand	373 TWh	625 TWh
Demand per person	1.31 MWh	12.09 MWh
Carbon intensity	681 gCO2/kWh	416 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	253 MtCO2	260 MtCO2
Low carbon share	18.1%	39.9%
Largest source	Coal 61.5%	Coal 30.5%

Generation Mix, 2024

Share of generation

Source	Indonesia	South Korea
Coal	61.5%	30.5%
Nuclear	0.0%	30.2%
Gas	18.5%	28.5%
Hydro	7.3%	0.7%
Bioenergy	5.7%	3.3%
Solar	0.4%	5.2%
Other renewables	4.5%	0.0%
Other fossil	1.9%	1.1%
Wind	0.1%	0.5%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Indonesia and South Korea each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2024 it was 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 416 gCO2/kWh in South Korea.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Indonesia and South Korea, 1985 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	South Korea
1985	n/a	524 gCO2/kWh
1986	n/a	431 gCO2/kWh
1987	n/a	345 gCO2/kWh
1988	n/a	405 gCO2/kWh
1989	n/a	383 gCO2/kWh
1990	n/a	379 gCO2/kWh
1991	n/a	399 gCO2/kWh
1992	n/a	427 gCO2/kWh
1993	n/a	451 gCO2/kWh
1994	n/a	493 gCO2/kWh
1995	n/a	479 gCO2/kWh
1996	n/a	481 gCO2/kWh
1997	n/a	492 gCO2/kWh
1998	n/a	463 gCO2/kWh
1999	n/a	453 gCO2/kWh
2000	631 gCO2/kWh	462 gCO2/kWh
2001	626 gCO2/kWh	475 gCO2/kWh
2002	643 gCO2/kWh	473 gCO2/kWh
2003	656 gCO2/kWh	458 gCO2/kWh
2004	654 gCO2/kWh	463 gCO2/kWh
2005	651 gCO2/kWh	450 gCO2/kWh
2006	668 gCO2/kWh	451 gCO2/kWh
2007	663 gCO2/kWh	474 gCO2/kWh
2008	653 gCO2/kWh	477 gCO2/kWh
2009	661 gCO2/kWh	495 gCO2/kWh
2010	637 gCO2/kWh	500 gCO2/kWh
2011	667 gCO2/kWh	497 gCO2/kWh
2012	687 gCO2/kWh	502 gCO2/kWh
2013	682 gCO2/kWh	512 gCO2/kWh
2014	692 gCO2/kWh	493 gCO2/kWh
2015	697 gCO2/kWh	488 gCO2/kWh
2016	689 gCO2/kWh	489 gCO2/kWh
2017	689 gCO2/kWh	511 gCO2/kWh
2018	684 gCO2/kWh	519 gCO2/kWh
2019	694 gCO2/kWh	497 gCO2/kWh
2020	685 gCO2/kWh	458 gCO2/kWh
2021	685 gCO2/kWh	460 gCO2/kWh
2022	676 gCO2/kWh	438 gCO2/kWh
2023	681 gCO2/kWh	427 gCO2/kWh
2024	681 gCO2/kWh	416 gCO2/kWh
2025	n/a	417 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and South Korea each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2024 it was 1.31 MWh in Indonesia and 12.09 MWh in South Korea.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and South Korea, 1985 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	South Korea
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	0.45 MWh	6.21 MWh
2001	0.49 MWh	6.59 MWh
2002	0.51 MWh	7.02 MWh
2003	0.52 MWh	7.32 MWh
2004	0.55 MWh	7.72 MWh
2005	0.58 MWh	8.14 MWh
2006	0.59 MWh	8.39 MWh
2007	0.63 MWh	8.83 MWh
2008	0.65 MWh	9.15 MWh
2009	0.67 MWh	9.32 MWh
2010	0.72 MWh	10.15 MWh
2011	0.77 MWh	10.55 MWh
2012	0.83 MWh	10.71 MWh
2013	0.88 MWh	10.73 MWh
2014	0.92 MWh	10.69 MWh
2015	0.93 MWh	10.75 MWh
2016	0.98 MWh	10.94 MWh
2017	1.00 MWh	11.20 MWh
2018	1.06 MWh	11.48 MWh
2019	1.09 MWh	11.34 MWh
2020	1.07 MWh	11.13 MWh
2021	1.12 MWh	11.72 MWh
2022	1.20 MWh	12.02 MWh
2023	1.25 MWh	11.93 MWh
2024	1.31 MWh	12.09 MWh
2025	n/a	12.09 MWh

Indonesia history · South Korea history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.

Indonesia vs South Korea: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2024

Generation Mix, 2024

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

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