Indonesia vs Vietnam: Electricity Compared

Indonesia generated 372 TWh of electricity in 2024 and Vietnam 311 TWh, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source in both, at 61.5% in Indonesia and 49.2% in Vietnam. Each kWh generated emitted 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 477 gCO2/kWh in Vietnam. These are Ember annual statistics for 2024, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Ember's latest annual figures for Indonesia are for 2024, while Vietnam has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2024 for both.

Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.

Key Facts

Hydro supplied 28.6% of Vietnam's electricity in 2024, against 7.3% in Indonesia.
The average person in Vietnam used 3.04 MWh of electricity in 2024, 2.3 times as much as in Indonesia (1.31 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 18.1% of Indonesia's electricity in 2024 and 43.6% of Vietnam's.
Electricity demand in 2024 was 373 TWh in Indonesia and 314 TWh in Vietnam.

Key Figures, 2024

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Indonesia	Vietnam
Total generation	372 TWh	311 TWh
Electricity demand	373 TWh	314 TWh
Demand per person	1.31 MWh	3.04 MWh
Carbon intensity	681 gCO2/kWh	477 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	253 MtCO2	148 MtCO2
Low carbon share	18.1%	43.6%
Largest source	Coal 61.5%	Coal 49.2%

Generation Mix, 2024

Share of generation

Source	Indonesia	Vietnam
Coal	61.5%	49.2%
Hydro	7.3%	28.6%
Gas	18.5%	7.0%
Solar	0.4%	10.6%
Bioenergy	5.7%	0.3%
Other renewables	4.5%	0.0%
Wind	0.1%	4.1%
Other fossil	1.9%	0.2%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Indonesia and Vietnam each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2024 it was 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 477 gCO2/kWh in Vietnam.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Indonesia and Vietnam, 1985 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	Vietnam
1985	n/a	579 gCO2/kWh
1986	n/a	609 gCO2/kWh
1987	n/a	632 gCO2/kWh
1988	n/a	610 gCO2/kWh
1989	n/a	428 gCO2/kWh
1990	n/a	320 gCO2/kWh
1991	n/a	258 gCO2/kWh
1992	n/a	206 gCO2/kWh
1993	n/a	198 gCO2/kWh
1994	n/a	202 gCO2/kWh
1995	n/a	227 gCO2/kWh
1996	n/a	235 gCO2/kWh
1997	n/a	302 gCO2/kWh
1998	n/a	356 gCO2/kWh
1999	n/a	301 gCO2/kWh
2000	631 gCO2/kWh	322 gCO2/kWh
2001	626 gCO2/kWh	291 gCO2/kWh
2002	643 gCO2/kWh	344 gCO2/kWh
2003	656 gCO2/kWh	376 gCO2/kWh
2004	654 gCO2/kWh	407 gCO2/kWh
2005	651 gCO2/kWh	462 gCO2/kWh
2006	668 gCO2/kWh	448 gCO2/kWh
2007	663 gCO2/kWh	439 gCO2/kWh
2008	653 gCO2/kWh	422 gCO2/kWh
2009	661 gCO2/kWh	413 gCO2/kWh
2010	637 gCO2/kWh	452 gCO2/kWh
2011	667 gCO2/kWh	408 gCO2/kWh
2012	687 gCO2/kWh	372 gCO2/kWh
2013	682 gCO2/kWh	374 gCO2/kWh
2014	692 gCO2/kWh	404 gCO2/kWh
2015	697 gCO2/kWh	487 gCO2/kWh
2016	689 gCO2/kWh	492 gCO2/kWh
2017	689 gCO2/kWh	433 gCO2/kWh
2018	684 gCO2/kWh	486 gCO2/kWh
2019	694 gCO2/kWh	557 gCO2/kWh
2020	685 gCO2/kWh	531 gCO2/kWh
2021	685 gCO2/kWh	475 gCO2/kWh
2022	676 gCO2/kWh	415 gCO2/kWh
2023	681 gCO2/kWh	467 gCO2/kWh
2024	681 gCO2/kWh	477 gCO2/kWh
2025	n/a	464 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and Vietnam each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2024 it was 1.31 MWh in Indonesia and 3.04 MWh in Vietnam.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and Vietnam, 1985 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	Vietnam
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	0.45 MWh	0.34 MWh
2001	0.49 MWh	0.39 MWh
2002	0.51 MWh	0.45 MWh
2003	0.52 MWh	0.51 MWh
2004	0.55 MWh	0.58 MWh
2005	0.58 MWh	0.65 MWh
2006	0.59 MWh	0.72 MWh
2007	0.63 MWh	0.80 MWh
2008	0.65 MWh	0.87 MWh
2009	0.67 MWh	0.98 MWh
2010	0.72 MWh	1.10 MWh
2011	0.77 MWh	1.19 MWh
2012	0.83 MWh	1.30 MWh
2013	0.88 MWh	1.40 MWh
2014	0.92 MWh	1.56 MWh
2015	0.93 MWh	1.76 MWh
2016	0.98 MWh	1.92 MWh
2017	1.00 MWh	2.05 MWh
2018	1.06 MWh	2.27 MWh
2019	1.09 MWh	2.45 MWh
2020	1.07 MWh	2.50 MWh
2021	1.12 MWh	2.57 MWh
2022	1.20 MWh	2.68 MWh
2023	1.25 MWh	2.79 MWh
2024	1.31 MWh	3.04 MWh
2025	n/a	3.09 MWh

Indonesia history · Vietnam history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.

Indonesia vs Vietnam: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2024

Generation Mix, 2024

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

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