Bulgaria vs Serbia: Electricity Compared

Bulgaria generated 38.1 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Serbia 36.7 TWh, according to Ember. Bulgaria's largest source was nuclear (39.0%); Serbia's was coal (65.0%). Each kWh generated emitted 275 gCO2/kWh in Bulgaria and 696 gCO2/kWh in Serbia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector and similar electricity demand on the same continent.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 65.0% of Serbia's electricity in 2025, against 22.6% in Bulgaria.
Serbia's electricity was 2.5 times as carbon intensive as Bulgaria's in 2025, at 696 gCO2/kWh against 275 gCO2/kWh.
Low carbon sources supplied 71.9% of Bulgaria's electricity in 2025 and 27.8% of Serbia's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 36.8 TWh in Bulgaria and 38.0 TWh in Serbia.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Bulgaria	Serbia
Total generation	38.1 TWh	36.7 TWh
Electricity demand	36.8 TWh	38.0 TWh
Demand per person	5.46 MWh	5.68 MWh
Carbon intensity	275 gCO2/kWh	696 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	10.5 MtCO2	25.5 MtCO2
Low carbon share	71.9%	27.8%
Largest source	Nuclear 39.0%	Coal 65.0%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	Bulgaria	Serbia
Coal	22.6%	65.0%
Nuclear	39.0%	0.0%
Hydro	6.7%	22.3%
Solar	18.2%	0.4%
Gas	4.9%	6.8%
Bioenergy	4.4%	1.1%
Wind	3.5%	4.0%
Other fossil	0.7%	0.3%

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Bulgaria and Serbia each year from 1990 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 275 gCO2/kWh in Bulgaria and 696 gCO2/kWh in Serbia.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Bulgaria and Serbia, 1990 to 2025
Year	Bulgaria	Serbia
1990	559 gCO2/kWh	787 gCO2/kWh
1991	565 gCO2/kWh	724 gCO2/kWh
1992	561 gCO2/kWh	734 gCO2/kWh
1993	519 gCO2/kWh	738 gCO2/kWh
1994	507 gCO2/kWh	720 gCO2/kWh
1995	478 gCO2/kWh	701 gCO2/kWh
1996	459 gCO2/kWh	649 gCO2/kWh
1997	488 gCO2/kWh	704 gCO2/kWh
1998	486 gCO2/kWh	713 gCO2/kWh
1999	476 gCO2/kWh	646 gCO2/kWh
2000	458 gCO2/kWh	700 gCO2/kWh
2001	484 gCO2/kWh	702 gCO2/kWh
2002	444 gCO2/kWh	708 gCO2/kWh
2003	493 gCO2/kWh	750 gCO2/kWh
2004	494 gCO2/kWh	720 gCO2/kWh
2005	454 gCO2/kWh	687 gCO2/kWh
2006	452 gCO2/kWh	724 gCO2/kWh
2007	558 gCO2/kWh	742 gCO2/kWh
2008	551 gCO2/kWh	750 gCO2/kWh
2009	529 gCO2/kWh	734 gCO2/kWh
2010	521 gCO2/kWh	693 gCO2/kWh
2011	578 gCO2/kWh	780 gCO2/kWh
2012	525 gCO2/kWh	752 gCO2/kWh
2013	487 gCO2/kWh	752 gCO2/kWh
2014	487 gCO2/kWh	684 gCO2/kWh
2015	494 gCO2/kWh	744 gCO2/kWh
2016	472 gCO2/kWh	730 gCO2/kWh
2017	503 gCO2/kWh	753 gCO2/kWh
2018	443 gCO2/kWh	710 gCO2/kWh
2019	439 gCO2/kWh	721 gCO2/kWh
2020	384 gCO2/kWh	736 gCO2/kWh
2021	415 gCO2/kWh	666 gCO2/kWh
2022	476 gCO2/kWh	711 gCO2/kWh
2023	338 gCO2/kWh	639 gCO2/kWh
2024	279 gCO2/kWh	668 gCO2/kWh
2025	275 gCO2/kWh	696 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Bulgaria and Serbia each year from 1990 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 5.46 MWh in Bulgaria and 5.68 MWh in Serbia.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Bulgaria and Serbia, 1990 to 2025
Year	Bulgaria	Serbia
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	4.50 MWh	4.54 MWh
2001	4.61 MWh	4.78 MWh
2002	4.55 MWh	4.95 MWh
2003	4.71 MWh	4.88 MWh
2004	4.58 MWh	4.88 MWh
2005	4.72 MWh	4.50 MWh
2006	4.93 MWh	4.67 MWh
2007	5.06 MWh	4.80 MWh
2008	5.20 MWh	4.95 MWh
2009	4.97 MWh	4.89 MWh
2010	5.04 MWh	5.02 MWh
2011	5.33 MWh	5.12 MWh
2012	5.21 MWh	4.99 MWh
2013	5.07 MWh	5.04 MWh
2014	5.19 MWh	4.84 MWh
2015	5.31 MWh	5.11 MWh
2016	5.35 MWh	5.15 MWh
2017	5.56 MWh	5.27 MWh
2018	5.51 MWh	5.24 MWh
2019	5.44 MWh	5.30 MWh
2020	5.30 MWh	5.29 MWh
2021	5.59 MWh	5.58 MWh
2022	5.58 MWh	5.54 MWh
2023	5.41 MWh	5.48 MWh
2024	5.52 MWh	5.56 MWh
2025	5.46 MWh	5.68 MWh

Bulgaria history · Serbia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Bulgaria vs Serbia: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

Related