Ireland vs Serbia: Electricity Compared
Ireland generated 31.3 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Serbia 36.7 TWh, according to Ember. Ireland's largest source was gas (47.9%); Serbia's was coal (65.0%). Each kWh generated emitted 263 gCO2/kWh in Ireland and 696 gCO2/kWh in Serbia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: similar electricity demand on the same continent.
Key Facts
- Coal supplied 65.0% of Serbia's electricity in 2025, against 1.5% in Ireland.
- Serbia's electricity was 2.6 times as carbon intensive as Ireland's in 2025, at 696 gCO2/kWh against 263 gCO2/kWh.
- Low carbon sources supplied 47.7% of Ireland's electricity in 2025 and 27.8% of Serbia's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 37.4 TWh in Ireland and 38.0 TWh in Serbia.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Ireland | Serbia |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 31.3 TWh | 36.7 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 37.4 TWh | 38.0 TWh |
| Demand per person | 6.99 MWh | 5.68 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 263 gCO2/kWh | 696 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 8.23 MtCO2 | 25.5 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 47.7% | 27.8% |
| Largest source | Gas 47.9% | Coal 65.0% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generationCarbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Ireland | Serbia |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 696 gCO2/kWh | 787 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 693 gCO2/kWh | 724 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 705 gCO2/kWh | 734 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 693 gCO2/kWh | 738 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 688 gCO2/kWh | 720 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 692 gCO2/kWh | 701 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 676 gCO2/kWh | 649 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 668 gCO2/kWh | 704 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 657 gCO2/kWh | 713 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 640 gCO2/kWh | 646 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 633 gCO2/kWh | 700 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 642 gCO2/kWh | 702 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 616 gCO2/kWh | 708 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 596 gCO2/kWh | 750 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 592 gCO2/kWh | 720 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 593 gCO2/kWh | 687 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 560 gCO2/kWh | 724 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 535 gCO2/kWh | 742 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 517 gCO2/kWh | 750 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 486 gCO2/kWh | 734 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 478 gCO2/kWh | 693 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 456 gCO2/kWh | 780 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 483 gCO2/kWh | 752 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 462 gCO2/kWh | 752 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 446 gCO2/kWh | 684 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 440 gCO2/kWh | 744 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 442 gCO2/kWh | 730 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 404 gCO2/kWh | 753 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 362 gCO2/kWh | 710 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 312 gCO2/kWh | 721 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 291 gCO2/kWh | 736 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 352 gCO2/kWh | 666 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 331 gCO2/kWh | 711 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 282 gCO2/kWh | 639 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 271 gCO2/kWh | 668 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 263 gCO2/kWh | 696 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Ireland | Serbia |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 6.24 MWh | 4.54 MWh |
| 2001 | 6.30 MWh | 4.78 MWh |
| 2002 | 6.44 MWh | 4.95 MWh |
| 2003 | 6.51 MWh | 4.88 MWh |
| 2004 | 6.58 MWh | 4.88 MWh |
| 2005 | 6.65 MWh | 4.50 MWh |
| 2006 | 6.77 MWh | 4.67 MWh |
| 2007 | 6.76 MWh | 4.80 MWh |
| 2008 | 6.77 MWh | 4.95 MWh |
| 2009 | 6.34 MWh | 4.89 MWh |
| 2010 | 6.28 MWh | 5.02 MWh |
| 2011 | 6.05 MWh | 5.12 MWh |
| 2012 | 5.99 MWh | 4.99 MWh |
| 2013 | 6.02 MWh | 5.04 MWh |
| 2014 | 6.01 MWh | 4.84 MWh |
| 2015 | 6.13 MWh | 5.11 MWh |
| 2016 | 6.23 MWh | 5.15 MWh |
| 2017 | 6.26 MWh | 5.27 MWh |
| 2018 | 6.36 MWh | 5.24 MWh |
| 2019 | 6.39 MWh | 5.30 MWh |
| 2020 | 6.42 MWh | 5.29 MWh |
| 2021 | 6.63 MWh | 5.58 MWh |
| 2022 | 6.66 MWh | 5.54 MWh |
| 2023 | 6.70 MWh | 5.48 MWh |
| 2024 | 6.88 MWh | 5.56 MWh |
| 2025 | 6.99 MWh | 5.68 MWh |
Ireland history · Serbia history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.