India vs Italy: Electricity Compared
India generated 2,080 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Italy 266 TWh, according to Ember. India's largest source was coal (70.9%); Italy's was gas (47.3%). Each kWh generated emitted 671 gCO2/kWh in India and 284 gCO2/kWh in Italy. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.
Key Facts
- Coal supplied 70.9% of India's electricity in 2025, against 1.3% in Italy.
- India's electricity was 2.4 times as carbon intensive as Italy's in 2025, at 671 gCO2/kWh against 284 gCO2/kWh.
- The average person in Italy used 5.27 MWh of electricity in 2025, 3.7 times as much as in India (1.42 MWh).
- Low carbon sources supplied 26.6% of India's electricity in 2025 and 48.8% of Italy's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 2,081 TWh in India and 313 TWh in Italy.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | India | Italy |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 2,080 TWh | 266 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 2,081 TWh | 313 TWh |
| Demand per person | 1.42 MWh | 5.27 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 671 gCO2/kWh | 284 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 1,396 MtCO2 | 75.6 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 26.6% | 48.8% |
| Largest source | Coal 70.9% | Gas 47.3% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generation| Source | India | Italy |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 70.9% | 1.3% |
| Gas | 2.3% | 47.3% |
| Solar | 9.4% | 16.8% |
| Hydro | 8.6% | 15.8% |
| Wind | 5.0% | 8.1% |
| Bioenergy | 1.1% | 5.9% |
| Nuclear | 2.6% | 0.0% |
| Other fossil | 0.2% | 2.6% |
| Other renewables | 0.0% | 2.3% |
Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | India | Italy |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 635 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1986 | 652 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1987 | 690 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1988 | 684 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1989 | 686 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1990 | 679 gCO2/kWh | 564 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 683 gCO2/kWh | 534 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 700 gCO2/kWh | 527 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 713 gCO2/kWh | 518 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 705 gCO2/kWh | 518 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 542 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 525 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 520 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 720 gCO2/kWh | 520 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 729 gCO2/kWh | 501 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 740 gCO2/kWh | 502 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 747 gCO2/kWh | 499 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 756 gCO2/kWh | 523 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 758 gCO2/kWh | 523 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 724 gCO2/kWh | 511 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 734 gCO2/kWh | 510 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 507 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 718 gCO2/kWh | 505 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 733 gCO2/kWh | 485 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 745 gCO2/kWh | 459 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 739 gCO2/kWh | 446 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 722 gCO2/kWh | 446 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 438 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 739 gCO2/kWh | 399 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 379 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 751 gCO2/kWh | 399 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 752 gCO2/kWh | 390 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 393 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 367 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 351 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 710 gCO2/kWh | 334 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 716 gCO2/kWh | 339 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 707 gCO2/kWh | 378 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 714 gCO2/kWh | 323 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 707 gCO2/kWh | 281 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 671 gCO2/kWh | 284 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | India | Italy |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | n/a | n/a |
| 1986 | n/a | n/a |
| 1987 | n/a | n/a |
| 1988 | n/a | n/a |
| 1989 | n/a | n/a |
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 0.54 MWh | 5.49 MWh |
| 2001 | 0.55 MWh | 5.59 MWh |
| 2002 | 0.56 MWh | 5.71 MWh |
| 2003 | 0.57 MWh | 5.84 MWh |
| 2004 | 0.62 MWh | 5.83 MWh |
| 2005 | 0.61 MWh | 5.88 MWh |
| 2006 | 0.64 MWh | 5.97 MWh |
| 2007 | 0.67 MWh | 5.96 MWh |
| 2008 | 0.69 MWh | 5.90 MWh |
| 2009 | 0.72 MWh | 5.53 MWh |
| 2010 | 0.76 MWh | 5.66 MWh |
| 2011 | 0.82 MWh | 5.70 MWh |
| 2012 | 0.86 MWh | 5.59 MWh |
| 2013 | 0.88 MWh | 5.41 MWh |
| 2014 | 0.96 MWh | 5.28 MWh |
| 2015 | 0.99 MWh | 5.38 MWh |
| 2016 | 1.04 MWh | 5.34 MWh |
| 2017 | 1.07 MWh | 5.46 MWh |
| 2018 | 1.14 MWh | 5.47 MWh |
| 2019 | 1.15 MWh | 5.46 MWh |
| 2020 | 1.12 MWh | 5.16 MWh |
| 2021 | 1.19 MWh | 5.50 MWh |
| 2022 | 1.27 MWh | 5.42 MWh |
| 2023 | 1.33 MWh | 5.26 MWh |
| 2024 | 1.40 MWh | 5.37 MWh |
| 2025 | 1.42 MWh | 5.27 MWh |
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.