France vs Luxembourg: Electricity Compared

France generated 570 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Luxembourg 1.54 TWh, according to Ember. France's largest source was nuclear (68.8%); Luxembourg's was solar (30.5%). Each kWh generated emitted 41 gCO2/kWh in France and 121 gCO2/kWh in Luxembourg. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Key Facts

Nuclear supplied 68.8% of France's electricity in 2025, against none in Luxembourg.
Luxembourg's electricity was 2.9 times as carbon intensive as France's in 2025, at 121 gCO2/kWh against 41 gCO2/kWh.
Low carbon sources supplied 94.9% of France's electricity in 2025 and 91.6% of Luxembourg's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 476 TWh in France and 6.47 TWh in Luxembourg.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	France	Luxembourg
Total generation	570 TWh	1.54 TWh
Electricity demand	476 TWh	6.47 TWh
Demand per person	7.15 MWh	9.51 MWh
Carbon intensity	41 gCO2/kWh	121 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	23.6 MtCO2	0.19 MtCO2
Low carbon share	94.9%	91.6%
Largest source	Nuclear 68.8%	Solar 30.5%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	France	Luxembourg
Nuclear	68.8%	0.0%
Solar	5.6%	30.5%
Wind	8.2%	30.5%
Bioenergy	1.8%	27.3%
Hydro	10.4%	3.3%
Other fossil	1.8%	4.5%
Gas	3.0%	3.9%
Coal	0.3%	0.0%
Other renewables	0.1%	0.0%

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in France and Luxembourg each year from 1990 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 41 gCO2/kWh in France and 121 gCO2/kWh in Luxembourg.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in France and Luxembourg, 1990 to 2025
Year	France	Luxembourg
1990	104 gCO2/kWh	563 gCO2/kWh
1991	122 gCO2/kWh	566 gCO2/kWh
1992	102 gCO2/kWh	570 gCO2/kWh
1993	69 gCO2/kWh	575 gCO2/kWh
1994	67 gCO2/kWh	519 gCO2/kWh
1995	73 gCO2/kWh	422 gCO2/kWh
1996	79 gCO2/kWh	416 gCO2/kWh
1997	71 gCO2/kWh	368 gCO2/kWh
1998	97 gCO2/kWh	241 gCO2/kWh
1999	87 gCO2/kWh	256 gCO2/kWh
2000	80 gCO2/kWh	240 gCO2/kWh
2001	69 gCO2/kWh	286 gCO2/kWh
2002	75 gCO2/kWh	318 gCO2/kWh
2003	81 gCO2/kWh	319 gCO2/kWh
2004	77 gCO2/kWh	316 gCO2/kWh
2005	86 gCO2/kWh	315 gCO2/kWh
2006	77 gCO2/kWh	314 gCO2/kWh
2007	80 gCO2/kWh	311 gCO2/kWh
2008	76 gCO2/kWh	307 gCO2/kWh
2009	76 gCO2/kWh	311 gCO2/kWh
2010	79 gCO2/kWh	313 gCO2/kWh
2011	75 gCO2/kWh	315 gCO2/kWh
2012	78 gCO2/kWh	308 gCO2/kWh
2013	76 gCO2/kWh	289 gCO2/kWh
2014	52 gCO2/kWh	287 gCO2/kWh
2015	59 gCO2/kWh	267 gCO2/kWh
2016	69 gCO2/kWh	216 gCO2/kWh
2017	78 gCO2/kWh	191 gCO2/kWh
2018	60 gCO2/kWh	184 gCO2/kWh
2019	60 gCO2/kWh	176 gCO2/kWh
2020	59 gCO2/kWh	163 gCO2/kWh
2021	60 gCO2/kWh	163 gCO2/kWh
2022	79 gCO2/kWh	150 gCO2/kWh
2023	53 gCO2/kWh	123 gCO2/kWh
2024	40 gCO2/kWh	126 gCO2/kWh
2025	41 gCO2/kWh	121 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in France and Luxembourg each year from 1990 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 7.15 MWh in France and 9.51 MWh in Luxembourg.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in France and Luxembourg, 1990 to 2025
Year	France	Luxembourg
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	7.79 MWh	14.01 MWh
2001	7.92 MWh	14.01 MWh
2002	7.86 MWh	14.05 MWh
2003	8.11 MWh	14.50 MWh
2004	8.25 MWh	14.71 MWh
2005	8.26 MWh	14.20 MWh
2006	8.12 MWh	15.02 MWh
2007	8.09 MWh	14.89 MWh
2008	8.27 MWh	14.46 MWh
2009	7.97 MWh	13.19 MWh
2010	8.38 MWh	14.39 MWh
2011	8.02 MWh	13.73 MWh
2012	8.17 MWh	12.94 MWh
2013	8.21 MWh	12.48 MWh
2014	7.72 MWh	12.22 MWh
2015	7.86 MWh	12.19 MWh
2016	7.95 MWh	12.15 MWh
2017	7.90 MWh	11.87 MWh
2018	7.83 MWh	11.71 MWh
2019	7.73 MWh	11.21 MWh
2020	7.32 MWh	10.59 MWh
2021	7.65 MWh	10.86 MWh
2022	7.29 MWh	10.29 MWh
2023	7.05 MWh	9.94 MWh
2024	7.09 MWh	10.04 MWh
2025	7.15 MWh	9.51 MWh

France history · Luxembourg history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

France vs Luxembourg: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

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