Germany vs Luxembourg: Electricity Compared

Germany generated 497 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Luxembourg 1.54 TWh, according to Ember. Germany's largest source was wind (26.6%); Luxembourg's was solar (30.5%). Each kWh generated emitted 334 gCO2/kWh in Germany and 121 gCO2/kWh in Luxembourg. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 21.0% of Germany's electricity in 2025, against none in Luxembourg.
Germany's electricity was 2.8 times as carbon intensive as Luxembourg's in 2025, at 334 gCO2/kWh against 121 gCO2/kWh.
Low carbon sources supplied 58.5% of Germany's electricity in 2025 and 91.6% of Luxembourg's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 517 TWh in Germany and 6.47 TWh in Luxembourg.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Germany	Luxembourg
Total generation	497 TWh	1.54 TWh
Electricity demand	517 TWh	6.47 TWh
Demand per person	6.19 MWh	9.51 MWh
Carbon intensity	334 gCO2/kWh	121 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	166 MtCO2	0.19 MtCO2
Low carbon share	58.5%	91.6%
Largest source	Wind 26.6%	Solar 30.5%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	Germany	Luxembourg
Solar	18.1%	30.5%
Wind	26.6%	30.5%
Bioenergy	10.1%	27.3%
Coal	21.0%	0.0%
Gas	16.8%	3.9%
Other fossil	3.8%	4.5%
Hydro	3.7%	3.3%
Other renewables	0.1%	0.0%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Germany and Luxembourg each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 334 gCO2/kWh in Germany and 121 gCO2/kWh in Luxembourg.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Germany and Luxembourg, 1985 to 2025
Year	Germany	Luxembourg
1985	431 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1986	431 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1987	431 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1988	431 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1989	431 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1990	622 gCO2/kWh	563 gCO2/kWh
1991	628 gCO2/kWh	566 gCO2/kWh
1992	605 gCO2/kWh	570 gCO2/kWh
1993	608 gCO2/kWh	575 gCO2/kWh
1994	604 gCO2/kWh	519 gCO2/kWh
1995	596 gCO2/kWh	422 gCO2/kWh
1996	591 gCO2/kWh	416 gCO2/kWh
1997	575 gCO2/kWh	368 gCO2/kWh
1998	587 gCO2/kWh	241 gCO2/kWh
1999	566 gCO2/kWh	256 gCO2/kWh
2000	573 gCO2/kWh	240 gCO2/kWh
2001	565 gCO2/kWh	286 gCO2/kWh
2002	570 gCO2/kWh	318 gCO2/kWh
2003	570 gCO2/kWh	319 gCO2/kWh
2004	555 gCO2/kWh	316 gCO2/kWh
2005	546 gCO2/kWh	315 gCO2/kWh
2006	536 gCO2/kWh	314 gCO2/kWh
2007	552 gCO2/kWh	311 gCO2/kWh
2008	525 gCO2/kWh	307 gCO2/kWh
2009	522 gCO2/kWh	311 gCO2/kWh
2010	517 gCO2/kWh	313 gCO2/kWh
2011	530 gCO2/kWh	315 gCO2/kWh
2012	534 gCO2/kWh	308 gCO2/kWh
2013	538 gCO2/kWh	289 gCO2/kWh
2014	522 gCO2/kWh	287 gCO2/kWh
2015	504 gCO2/kWh	267 gCO2/kWh
2016	498 gCO2/kWh	216 gCO2/kWh
2017	470 gCO2/kWh	191 gCO2/kWh
2018	455 gCO2/kWh	184 gCO2/kWh
2019	392 gCO2/kWh	176 gCO2/kWh
2020	356 gCO2/kWh	163 gCO2/kWh
2021	395 gCO2/kWh	163 gCO2/kWh
2022	420 gCO2/kWh	150 gCO2/kWh
2023	364 gCO2/kWh	123 gCO2/kWh
2024	340 gCO2/kWh	126 gCO2/kWh
2025	334 gCO2/kWh	121 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Germany and Luxembourg each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 6.19 MWh in Germany and 9.51 MWh in Luxembourg.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Germany and Luxembourg, 1985 to 2025
Year	Germany	Luxembourg
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	6.99 MWh	14.01 MWh
2001	7.11 MWh	14.01 MWh
2002	7.24 MWh	14.05 MWh
2003	7.29 MWh	14.50 MWh
2004	7.39 MWh	14.71 MWh
2005	7.42 MWh	14.20 MWh
2006	7.51 MWh	15.02 MWh
2007	7.56 MWh	14.89 MWh
2008	7.55 MWh	14.46 MWh
2009	7.11 MWh	13.19 MWh
2010	7.54 MWh	14.39 MWh
2011	7.44 MWh	13.73 MWh
2012	7.41 MWh	12.94 MWh
2013	7.37 MWh	12.48 MWh
2014	7.19 MWh	12.22 MWh
2015	7.20 MWh	12.19 MWh
2016	7.14 MWh	12.15 MWh
2017	7.12 MWh	11.87 MWh
2018	7.00 MWh	11.71 MWh
2019	6.79 MWh	11.21 MWh
2020	6.55 MWh	10.59 MWh
2021	6.69 MWh	10.86 MWh
2022	6.42 MWh	10.29 MWh
2023	6.10 MWh	9.94 MWh
2024	6.18 MWh	10.04 MWh
2025	6.19 MWh	9.51 MWh

Germany history · Luxembourg history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Germany vs Luxembourg: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

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