Germany vs Russia: Electricity Compared
Germany generated 497 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Russia 1,194 TWh, according to Ember. Germany's largest source was wind (26.6%); Russia's was gas (45.0%). Each kWh generated emitted 334 gCO2/kWh in Germany and 450 gCO2/kWh in Russia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users and similar electricity demand on the same continent.
Key Facts
- Gas supplied 45.0% of Russia's electricity in 2025, against 16.8% in Germany.
- Electricity demand rose 10% in Russia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 6% in Germany.
- Carbon intensity rose 8% in Russia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 6% in Germany.
- Low carbon sources supplied 58.5% of Germany's electricity in 2025 and 35.7% of Russia's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 517 TWh in Germany and 1,177 TWh in Russia.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Germany | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 497 TWh | 1,194 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 517 TWh | 1,177 TWh |
| Demand per person | 6.19 MWh | 8.17 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 334 gCO2/kWh | 450 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 166 MtCO2 | 537 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 58.5% | 35.7% |
| Largest source | Wind 26.6% | Gas 45.0% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generation| Source | Germany | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 16.8% | 45.0% |
| Wind | 26.6% | 0.3% |
| Coal | 21.0% | 18.4% |
| Nuclear | 0.0% | 18.3% |
| Solar | 18.1% | 0.2% |
| Hydro | 3.7% | 16.7% |
| Bioenergy | 10.1% | 0.1% |
| Other fossil | 3.8% | 1.0% |
| Other renewables | 0.1% | 0.0% |
Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Germany | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 431 gCO2/kWh | 492 gCO2/kWh |
| 1986 | 431 gCO2/kWh | 492 gCO2/kWh |
| 1987 | 431 gCO2/kWh | 489 gCO2/kWh |
| 1988 | 431 gCO2/kWh | 486 gCO2/kWh |
| 1989 | 431 gCO2/kWh | 488 gCO2/kWh |
| 1990 | 622 gCO2/kWh | 496 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 628 gCO2/kWh | 492 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 605 gCO2/kWh | 483 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 608 gCO2/kWh | 473 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 604 gCO2/kWh | 481 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 596 gCO2/kWh | 477 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 591 gCO2/kWh | 482 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 575 gCO2/kWh | 477 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 587 gCO2/kWh | 482 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 566 gCO2/kWh | 468 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 573 gCO2/kWh | 470 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 565 gCO2/kWh | 458 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 570 gCO2/kWh | 463 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 570 gCO2/kWh | 465 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 555 gCO2/kWh | 454 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 546 gCO2/kWh | 457 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 536 gCO2/kWh | 463 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 552 gCO2/kWh | 458 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 525 gCO2/kWh | 475 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 522 gCO2/kWh | 452 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 517 gCO2/kWh | 458 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 530 gCO2/kWh | 461 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 534 gCO2/kWh | 462 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 538 gCO2/kWh | 450 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 522 gCO2/kWh | 449 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 504 gCO2/kWh | 444 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 498 gCO2/kWh | 443 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 470 gCO2/kWh | 440 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 455 gCO2/kWh | 439 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 392 gCO2/kWh | 440 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 356 gCO2/kWh | 418 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 395 gCO2/kWh | 427 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 420 gCO2/kWh | 443 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 364 gCO2/kWh | 447 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 340 gCO2/kWh | 444 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 334 gCO2/kWh | 450 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Germany | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | n/a | n/a |
| 1986 | n/a | n/a |
| 1987 | n/a | n/a |
| 1988 | n/a | n/a |
| 1989 | n/a | n/a |
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 6.99 MWh | 5.89 MWh |
| 2001 | 7.11 MWh | 5.99 MWh |
| 2002 | 7.24 MWh | 6.02 MWh |
| 2003 | 7.29 MWh | 6.19 MWh |
| 2004 | 7.39 MWh | 6.37 MWh |
| 2005 | 7.42 MWh | 6.51 MWh |
| 2006 | 7.51 MWh | 6.78 MWh |
| 2007 | 7.56 MWh | 6.99 MWh |
| 2008 | 7.55 MWh | 7.11 MWh |
| 2009 | 7.11 MWh | 6.80 MWh |
| 2010 | 7.54 MWh | 7.09 MWh |
| 2011 | 7.44 MWh | 7.17 MWh |
| 2012 | 7.41 MWh | 7.30 MWh |
| 2013 | 7.37 MWh | 7.23 MWh |
| 2014 | 7.19 MWh | 7.29 MWh |
| 2015 | 7.20 MWh | 7.27 MWh |
| 2016 | 7.14 MWh | 7.38 MWh |
| 2017 | 7.12 MWh | 7.39 MWh |
| 2018 | 7.00 MWh | 7.49 MWh |
| 2019 | 6.79 MWh | 7.51 MWh |
| 2020 | 6.55 MWh | 7.34 MWh |
| 2021 | 6.69 MWh | 7.79 MWh |
| 2022 | 6.42 MWh | 7.90 MWh |
| 2023 | 6.10 MWh | 7.99 MWh |
| 2024 | 6.18 MWh | 8.24 MWh |
| 2025 | 6.19 MWh | 8.17 MWh |
Germany history · Russia history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.