Hungary vs Romania: Electricity Compared

Hungary generated 40.2 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Romania 49.9 TWh, according to Ember. Hungary's largest source was nuclear (40.1%); Romania's was hydro (24.2%). Each kWh generated emitted 163 gCO2/kWh in Hungary and 259 gCO2/kWh in Romania. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector and similar electricity demand on the same continent.

Key Facts

Hydro supplied 24.2% of Romania's electricity in 2025, against 0.6% in Hungary.
Romania's electricity was 1.6 times as carbon intensive as Hungary's in 2025, at 259 gCO2/kWh against 163 gCO2/kWh.
Electricity demand rose 5% in Hungary between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 8% in Romania.
Low carbon sources supplied 75.3% of Hungary's electricity in 2025 and 67.6% of Romania's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 49.2 TWh in Hungary and 53.6 TWh in Romania.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Hungary	Romania
Total generation	40.2 TWh	49.9 TWh
Electricity demand	49.2 TWh	53.6 TWh
Demand per person	5.11 MWh	2.84 MWh
Carbon intensity	163 gCO2/kWh	259 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	6.53 MtCO2	12.9 MtCO2
Low carbon share	75.3%	67.6%
Largest source	Nuclear 40.1%	Hydro 24.2%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	Hungary	Romania
Nuclear	40.1%	20.5%
Solar	27.1%	9.9%
Hydro	0.6%	24.2%
Gas	20.3%	16.9%
Coal	3.4%	15.1%
Wind	1.5%	12.0%
Bioenergy	6.0%	1.0%
Other fossil	1.0%	0.4%
Other renewables	0.1%	0.0%

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Hungary and Romania each year from 1990 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 163 gCO2/kWh in Hungary and 259 gCO2/kWh in Romania.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Hungary and Romania, 1990 to 2025
Year	Hungary	Romania
1990	415 gCO2/kWh	584 gCO2/kWh
1991	417 gCO2/kWh	531 gCO2/kWh
1992	443 gCO2/kWh	588 gCO2/kWh
1993	454 gCO2/kWh	589 gCO2/kWh
1994	445 gCO2/kWh	592 gCO2/kWh
1995	450 gCO2/kWh	565 gCO2/kWh
1996	452 gCO2/kWh	560 gCO2/kWh
1997	459 gCO2/kWh	480 gCO2/kWh
1998	463 gCO2/kWh	436 gCO2/kWh
1999	466 gCO2/kWh	441 gCO2/kWh
2000	451 gCO2/kWh	514 gCO2/kWh
2001	439 gCO2/kWh	525 gCO2/kWh
2002	432 gCO2/kWh	515 gCO2/kWh
2003	469 gCO2/kWh	574 gCO2/kWh
2004	431 gCO2/kWh	518 gCO2/kWh
2005	383 gCO2/kWh	490 gCO2/kWh
2006	390 gCO2/kWh	530 gCO2/kWh
2007	386 gCO2/kWh	530 gCO2/kWh
2008	376 gCO2/kWh	498 gCO2/kWh
2009	344 gCO2/kWh	470 gCO2/kWh
2010	341 gCO2/kWh	425 gCO2/kWh
2011	341 gCO2/kWh	491 gCO2/kWh
2012	333 gCO2/kWh	487 gCO2/kWh
2013	318 gCO2/kWh	390 gCO2/kWh
2014	300 gCO2/kWh	357 gCO2/kWh
2015	298 gCO2/kWh	369 gCO2/kWh
2016	300 gCO2/kWh	345 gCO2/kWh
2017	290 gCO2/kWh	369 gCO2/kWh
2018	284 gCO2/kWh	348 gCO2/kWh
2019	266 gCO2/kWh	329 gCO2/kWh
2020	257 gCO2/kWh	278 gCO2/kWh
2021	239 gCO2/kWh	290 gCO2/kWh
2022	229 gCO2/kWh	298 gCO2/kWh
2023	196 gCO2/kWh	243 gCO2/kWh
2024	184 gCO2/kWh	260 gCO2/kWh
2025	163 gCO2/kWh	259 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Hungary and Romania each year from 1990 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 5.11 MWh in Hungary and 2.84 MWh in Romania.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Hungary and Romania, 1990 to 2025
Year	Hungary	Romania
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	3.79 MWh	2.31 MWh
2001	3.89 MWh	2.38 MWh
2002	3.99 MWh	2.37 MWh
2003	4.06 MWh	2.44 MWh
2004	4.08 MWh	2.58 MWh
2005	4.17 MWh	2.66 MWh
2006	4.29 MWh	2.77 MWh
2007	4.38 MWh	2.85 MWh
2008	4.39 MWh	2.93 MWh
2009	4.14 MWh	2.69 MWh
2010	4.27 MWh	2.85 MWh
2011	4.29 MWh	2.95 MWh
2012	4.30 MWh	2.92 MWh
2013	4.26 MWh	2.80 MWh
2014	4.34 MWh	2.89 MWh
2015	4.47 MWh	2.97 MWh
2016	4.55 MWh	2.99 MWh
2017	4.68 MWh	3.08 MWh
2018	4.75 MWh	3.14 MWh
2019	4.80 MWh	3.09 MWh
2020	4.78 MWh	2.99 MWh
2021	5.03 MWh	3.16 MWh
2022	4.95 MWh	2.92 MWh
2023	4.82 MWh	2.82 MWh
2024	5.04 MWh	2.93 MWh
2025	5.11 MWh	2.84 MWh

Hungary history · Romania history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Hungary vs Romania: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

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