Built 2026-09-21 (21 September 2026)

China Has the Most Hydro Capacity, 377 GW in 2024

Ember's latest complete year of installed capacity data is 2024. Among the 83 countries with at least 1.00 GW of hydro capacity in 2024, China has the most, 377 GW, and it also added the most since 2019, +49.5 GW. Sudan ran its hydro plants at the highest capacity factor, 88.5%. Worldwide, hydro capacity was 1,277 GW in 2024, against 1,192 GW in 2019.

Key Facts

  • The latest complete Ember year of installed capacity data is 2024; each country is compared with its own 2019 and 2014 figures.
  • World hydro capacity was 1,277 GW in 2024, 1,192 GW in 2019 and 1,070 GW in 2014.
  • World hydro generation was 4,444 TWh in 2024, a capacity factor of 39.6% on 1,277 GW.
  • China has the most hydro capacity: 377 GW in 2024, generating 1,364 TWh.
  • Over 2019 to 2024, China added the most hydro capacity: +49.5 GW, to 377 GW.
  • Over 2014 to 2024, China added the most hydro capacity: +94.5 GW, to 377 GW.
  • Nepal grew fastest in percentage terms since 2019 among countries that already had 1.00 GW or more: +184%.
  • Capacity factor in 2024 ranged from 5.7% in Syria to 88.5% in Sudan, across 83 countries with a usable figure.

Countries With the Most Hydro Capacity, 2024

Ember, 2009 to 2024

Installed capacity, 2024

Installed hydro capacity in 2024, GW
China377 GW
Brazil110 GW
United States84.2 GW
Canada83.5 GW
Russia51.7 GW
India47.5 GW
Norway34.6 GW
Turkey32.2 GW
Japan28.2 GW
France24.3 GW

Highest capacity factor, 2024

Highest hydro capacity factor in 2024, percent
Sudan88.5%
Mozambique84.7%
Iceland71.9%
Peru65.8%
Egypt62.2%
Ghana62.0%
Malaysia61.2%
Zambia61.1%
Zimbabwe60.1%
Paraguay54.4%
Installed hydro capacity, five largest countries Installed hydro capacity in GW for the five countries with the most in 2024, 2009 to 2024. China ends at 377 GW; Brazil ends at 110 GW; United States ends at 84.2 GW; Canada ends at 83.5 GW; Russia ends at 51.7 GW. 0 100 200 300 400 2009201420192024
Installed hydro capacity in GW for the five countries with the most in 2024, 2009 to 2024. China ends at 377 GW; Brazil ends at 110 GW; United States ends at 84.2 GW; Canada ends at 83.5 GW; Russia ends at 51.7 GW.
Annual statistics, 2009 to 2024
Installed hydro capacity, five largest countries
YearChinaBrazilUnited StatesCanadaRussia
2009183 GW79.0 GW82.2 GW74.5 GW46.1 GW
2010199 GW81.1 GW82.5 GW74.9 GW46.2 GW
2011215 GW83.0 GW82.4 GW75.4 GW46.3 GW
2012229 GW87.4 GW82.4 GW75.4 GW48.2 GW
2013259 GW92.0 GW82.9 GW75.3 GW48.9 GW
2014283 GW92.9 GW83.4 GW75.3 GW49.3 GW
2015297 GW94.8 GW83.4 GW79.2 GW49.4 GW
2016305 GW107 GW83.7 GW80.1 GW49.7 GW
2017314 GW108 GW83.6 GW80.7 GW50.0 GW
2018322 GW108 GW83.7 GW81.4 GW50.1 GW
2019328 GW109 GW83.6 GW81.4 GW51.0 GW
2020339 GW109 GW83.8 GW81.2 GW51.1 GW
2021355 GW109 GW84.3 GW82.9 GW51.2 GW
2022368 GW110 GW84.4 GW83.5 GW51.5 GW
2023371 GW110 GW84.3 GW83.5 GW54.2 GW
2024377 GW110 GW84.2 GW83.5 GW51.7 GW

Hydro Capacity, Growth and Capacity Factor by Country, 2024

83 countries
Installed hydro capacity by country in 2024, change since 2019 and 2014, generation and capacity factor. Column headings sort the table.
CountryCapacity 2024Change since 2019Growth since 2019Change since 2014Growth since 2014Generation 2024Capacity factor 2024
China377 GW+49.5 GW+15%+94.5 GW+33%1,364 TWh41.2%
Brazil110 GW+890 MW+1%+17.1 GW+18%413 TWh42.8%
United States84.2 GW+530 MW+1%+760 MW+1%237 TWh32.1%
Canada83.5 GW+2.10 GW+3%+8.20 GW+11%343 TWh46.8%
Russia51.7 GW+770 MW+2%+2.45 GW+5%211 TWh46.3%
India47.5 GW+2.02 GW+4%+6.89 GW+17%157 TWh37.5%
Norway34.6 GW+1.75 GW+5%+3.31 GW+11%140 TWh46.0%
Turkey32.2 GW+3.70 GW+13%+8.56 GW+36%74.6 TWh26.4%
Japan28.2 GW+90 MW+0%+360 MW+1%79.5 TWh32.0%
France24.3 GW+160 MW+1%+450 MW+2%71.1 TWh33.3%
Vietnam23.7 GW+3.38 GW+17%+7.96 GW+51%88.7 TWh42.6%
Italy19.3 GW+720 MW+4%+1.20 GW+7%53.1 TWh31.3%
Venezuela16.9 GW+80 MW+0%+2.03 GW+14%73.0 TWh49.1%
Spain16.8 GW+30 MW+0%+920 MW+6%34.4 TWh23.3%
Sweden16.3 GW-190 MW-1%+370 MW+2%64.6 TWh45.2%
Switzerland16.0 GW+1.02 GW+7%+2.74 GW+21%44.9 TWh31.9%
Austria15.2 GW+590 MW+4%+1.66 GW+12%45.7 TWh34.3%
Colombia13.2 GW+1.29 GW+11%+2.30 GW+21%48.9 TWh42.1%
Mexico12.8 GW-240 MW-2%+380 MW+3%23.5 TWh20.9%
Iran11.8 GW+640 MW+6%+1.00 GW+9%18.9 TWh18.2%
Pakistan11.5 GW+1.60 GW+16%+4.30 GW+60%38.4 TWh37.9%
Laos10.2 GW+3.96 GW+64%+6.90 GW+210%40.0 TWh44.7%
Argentina9.20 GW-1.14 GW-11%-940 MW-9%29.7 TWh36.7%
Paraguay8.82 GW0 GW0%+20 MW+0%42.2 TWh54.4%
Portugal8.36 GW+1.10 GW+15%+2.64 GW+46%14.9 TWh20.3%
Australia7.71 GW0 GW0%+250 MW+3%12.9 TWh19.0%
Chile7.46 GW+1.12 GW+18%+1.01 GW+16%26.0 TWh39.7%
Indonesia7.05 GW+1.07 GW+18%+1.81 GW+35%27.3 TWh44.1%
Romania6.57 GW-20 MW-0%+50 MW+1%14.2 TWh24.6%
Malaysia6.27 GW+80 MW+1%+1.50 GW+31%33.7 TWh61.2%
Tajikistan5.74 GW+20 MW+0%+780 MW+16%21.0 TWh41.7%
Peru5.54 GW+150 MW+3%+1.89 GW+52%32.0 TWh65.8%
Germany5.50 GW+120 MW+2%-80 MW-1%23.8 TWh49.3%
New Zealand5.50 GW+60 MW+1%+70 MW+1%23.5 TWh48.5%
Ecuador5.42 GW+340 MW+7%+3.17 GW+141%23.0 TWh48.3%
Ethiopia5.22 GW+1.40 GW+37%+3.25 GW+165%24.4 TWh53.3%
North Korea4.97 GW+180 MW+4%+680 MW+16%17.0 TWh38.9%
Angola3.73 GW+330 MW+10%+2.76 GW+285%11.0 TWh33.6%
Greece3.48 GW+70 MW+2%+90 MW+3%3.58 TWh11.7%
Georgia3.41 GW+110 MW+3%+610 MW+22%11.0 TWh36.7%
Kyrgyzstan3.31 GW-360 MW-10%-360 MW-10%14.0 TWh48.2%
Nepal3.29 GW+2.13 GW+184%+2.55 GW+345%11.0 TWh38.1%
Myanmar3.27 GW0 GW0%+80 MW+3%10.0 TWh34.8%
Democratic Republic of the Congo3.25 GW+640 MW+25%+830 MW+34%13.4 TWh46.9%
Finland3.21 GW+50 MW+2%+80 MW+3%14.3 TWh50.7%
Zambia3.17 GW+770 MW+32%+910 MW+40%17.0 TWh61.1%
Philippines3.13 GW+100 MW+3%+270 MW+9%10.1 TWh36.7%
Thailand3.13 GW+20 MW+1%+80 MW+3%6.61 TWh24.0%
Nigeria2.90 GW+790 MW+37%+790 MW+37%9.20 TWh36.1%
Egypt2.83 GW0 GW0%+30 MW+1%15.5 TWh62.2%
Kazakhstan2.81 GW+30 MW+1%+130 MW+5%11.3 TWh45.7%
Bulgaria2.55 GW+40 MW+2%+190 MW+8%2.79 TWh12.5%
Serbia2.51 GW+50 MW+2%+110 MW+5%10.1 TWh45.8%
Bhutan2.45 GW+120 MW+5%+960 MW+64%11.0 TWh51.1%
Uzbekistan2.39 GW+480 MW+25%+520 MW+28%8.20 TWh39.1%
Costa Rica2.35 GW+10 MW+0%+520 MW+28%8.00 TWh38.8%
Croatia2.19 GW-10 MW-0%+10 MW+0%6.73 TWh35.0%
Mozambique2.19 GW0 GW0%0 GW0%16.3 TWh84.7%
United Kingdom2.19 GW+10 MW+0%+160 MW+8%5.76 TWh29.9%
Iceland2.13 GW+30 MW+1%+150 MW+8%13.5 TWh71.9%
Taiwan2.12 GW+30 MW+1%+40 MW+2%4.21 TWh22.6%
Sri Lanka1.97 GW+160 MW+9%+300 MW+18%6.98 TWh40.3%
Bosnia and Herzegovina1.88 GW+60 MW+3%+170 MW+10%5.44 TWh32.9%
Panama1.85 GW+60 MW+3%+280 MW+18%7.13 TWh43.9%
South Korea1.82 GW+10 MW+1%+50 MW+3%4.30 TWh26.9%
Cambodia1.80 GW+470 MW+35%+870 MW+94%4.37 TWh27.6%
Uganda1.71 GW+710 MW+71%+1.02 GW+148%5.00 TWh33.3%
Slovakia1.61 GW0 GW0%0 GW0%4.83 TWh34.2%
Latvia1.59 GW0 GW0%0 GW0%3.21 TWh23.0%
Ghana1.58 GW0 GW0%0 GW0%8.60 TWh62.0%
Guatemala1.58 GW0 GW0%+570 MW+56%6.30 TWh45.4%
Iraq1.56 GW0 GW0%-710 MW-31%2.00 TWh14.6%
Uruguay1.54 GW0 GW0%0 GW0%4.50 TWh33.3%
Syria1.49 GW0 GW0%0 GW0%750 GWh5.7%
Sudan1.48 GW0 GW0%+160 MW+12%11.5 TWh88.5%
Azerbaijan1.41 GW+270 MW+24%+330 MW+31%3.00 TWh24.2%
Cameroon1.41 GW+600 MW+74%+680 MW+93%5.23 TWh42.2%
Tanzania1.39 GW+790 MW+132%+820 MW+144%2.80 TWh22.9%
Armenia1.35 GW+10 MW+1%+50 MW+4%2.00 TWh16.9%
Morocco1.31 GW0 GW0%0 GW0%810 GWh7.0%
Slovenia1.17 GW0 GW0%+50 MW+4%5.34 TWh52.0%
Czechia1.12 GW+30 MW+3%+40 MW+4%2.66 TWh27.0%
Zimbabwe1.08 GW0 GW0%+320 MW+42%5.70 TWh60.1%

Countries with at least 1.00 GW of hydro capacity in 2024: 83 are listed, and 58 countries with less are left out. Each is compared with its own 2019 and 2014 values; a country that has not published 2024 is not listed, and a blank means Ember has no figure. Growth in percent is shown only when the earlier year had at least 100 MW; a tiny base gives meaningless percentages.

How Capacity Factor Is Calculated

2024, 8,784 hours

Capacity factor is a country's hydro generation in 2024 divided by its installed capacity times the 8,784 hours in 2024, using the same year for both. It is the share of the year the fleet would have needed to run at full output to produce what it did. Guards: the factor is left blank where capacity is missing or under 1.00 GW, where generation is missing, and where it comes out above 100% (none here), which is treated as a data error or under reported capacity. If capacity grew during 2024, the factor is understated, because a full year of output is set against the larger figure. Hydro capacity may include pumped storage, which lowers the factor.

Lowest capacity factor, 2024

Lowest hydro capacity factor in 2024, percent
Syria5.7%
Morocco7.0%
Greece11.7%
Bulgaria12.5%
Iraq14.6%
Armenia16.9%
Iran18.2%
Australia19.0%
Portugal20.3%
Mexico20.9%

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024. Installed capacity and generation from Ember annual statistics, complete years to 2024.