Italy vs Spain: Electricity Compared
Italy generated 266 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Spain 288 TWh, according to Ember. Italy's largest source was gas (47.3%); Spain's was solar (21.9%). Each kWh generated emitted 284 gCO2/kWh in Italy and 153 gCO2/kWh in Spain. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: similar electricity demand on the same continent.
Key Facts
- Gas supplied 47.3% of Italy's electricity in 2025, against 21.5% in Spain.
- Italy's electricity was 1.9 times as carbon intensive as Spain's in 2025, at 284 gCO2/kWh against 153 gCO2/kWh.
- Low carbon sources supplied 48.8% of Italy's electricity in 2025 and 74.7% of Spain's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 313 TWh in Italy and 275 TWh in Spain.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Italy | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 266 TWh | 288 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 313 TWh | 275 TWh |
| Demand per person | 5.27 MWh | 5.75 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 284 gCO2/kWh | 153 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 75.6 MtCO2 | 44.2 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 48.8% | 74.7% |
| Largest source | Gas 47.3% | Solar 21.9% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generation| Source | Italy | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 47.3% | 21.5% |
| Solar | 16.8% | 21.9% |
| Wind | 8.1% | 20.4% |
| Nuclear | 0.0% | 18.8% |
| Hydro | 15.8% | 11.4% |
| Bioenergy | 5.9% | 2.2% |
| Other fossil | 2.6% | 3.5% |
| Other renewables | 2.4% | 0.0% |
| Coal | 1.3% | 0.3% |
Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Italy | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 564 gCO2/kWh | 437 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 534 gCO2/kWh | 427 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 527 gCO2/kWh | 473 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 518 gCO2/kWh | 444 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 518 gCO2/kWh | 434 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 542 gCO2/kWh | 466 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 525 gCO2/kWh | 386 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 520 gCO2/kWh | 431 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 520 gCO2/kWh | 424 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 501 gCO2/kWh | 483 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 502 gCO2/kWh | 471 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 499 gCO2/kWh | 422 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 523 gCO2/kWh | 482 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 523 gCO2/kWh | 429 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 511 gCO2/kWh | 449 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 510 gCO2/kWh | 475 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 507 gCO2/kWh | 433 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 505 gCO2/kWh | 439 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 485 gCO2/kWh | 390 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 459 gCO2/kWh | 355 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 446 gCO2/kWh | 288 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 446 gCO2/kWh | 337 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 438 gCO2/kWh | 351 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 399 gCO2/kWh | 287 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 379 gCO2/kWh | 289 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 399 gCO2/kWh | 328 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 390 gCO2/kWh | 283 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 393 gCO2/kWh | 329 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 367 gCO2/kWh | 291 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 351 gCO2/kWh | 247 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 334 gCO2/kWh | 199 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 339 gCO2/kWh | 194 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 378 gCO2/kWh | 217 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 323 gCO2/kWh | 170 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 281 gCO2/kWh | 146 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 284 gCO2/kWh | 153 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Italy | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 5.49 MWh | 5.49 MWh |
| 2001 | 5.59 MWh | 5.73 MWh |
| 2002 | 5.71 MWh | 5.87 MWh |
| 2003 | 5.84 MWh | 6.08 MWh |
| 2004 | 5.83 MWh | 6.33 MWh |
| 2005 | 5.88 MWh | 6.55 MWh |
| 2006 | 5.97 MWh | 6.54 MWh |
| 2007 | 5.96 MWh | 6.51 MWh |
| 2008 | 5.90 MWh | 6.46 MWh |
| 2009 | 5.53 MWh | 6.06 MWh |
| 2010 | 5.66 MWh | 6.18 MWh |
| 2011 | 5.70 MWh | 6.07 MWh |
| 2012 | 5.59 MWh | 6.01 MWh |
| 2013 | 5.41 MWh | 5.86 MWh |
| 2014 | 5.28 MWh | 5.80 MWh |
| 2015 | 5.38 MWh | 5.93 MWh |
| 2016 | 5.34 MWh | 5.96 MWh |
| 2017 | 5.46 MWh | 6.01 MWh |
| 2018 | 5.47 MWh | 6.00 MWh |
| 2019 | 5.46 MWh | 5.85 MWh |
| 2020 | 5.16 MWh | 5.51 MWh |
| 2021 | 5.50 MWh | 5.69 MWh |
| 2022 | 5.42 MWh | 5.59 MWh |
| 2023 | 5.26 MWh | 5.53 MWh |
| 2024 | 5.37 MWh | 5.65 MWh |
| 2025 | 5.27 MWh | 5.75 MWh |
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.