Brazil vs Turkey: Electricity Compared

Brazil generated 752 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Turkey 354 TWh, according to Ember. Brazil's largest source was hydro (51.7%); Turkey's was coal (34.3%). Each kWh generated emitted 110 gCO2/kWh in Brazil and 476 gCO2/kWh in Turkey. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.

Key Facts

Hydro supplied 51.7% of Brazil's electricity in 2025, against 16.2% in Turkey.
Turkey's electricity was 4.3 times as carbon intensive as Brazil's in 2025, at 476 gCO2/kWh against 110 gCO2/kWh.
Low carbon sources supplied 88.7% of Brazil's electricity in 2025 and 43.3% of Turkey's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 764 TWh in Brazil and 352 TWh in Turkey.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Brazil	Turkey
Total generation	752 TWh	354 TWh
Electricity demand	764 TWh	352 TWh
Demand per person	3.58 MWh	4.01 MWh
Carbon intensity	110 gCO2/kWh	476 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	82.6 MtCO2	168 MtCO2
Low carbon share	88.7%	43.3%
Largest source	Hydro 51.7%	Coal 34.3%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	Brazil	Turkey
Hydro	51.7%	16.2%
Coal	2.3%	34.3%
Gas	7.3%	22.1%
Wind	15.6%	11.1%
Solar	12.0%	10.5%
Bioenergy	7.3%	2.4%
Other renewables	0.0%	3.0%
Nuclear	2.1%	0.0%
Other fossil	1.7%	0.3%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Brazil and Turkey each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 110 gCO2/kWh in Brazil and 476 gCO2/kWh in Turkey.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Brazil and Turkey, 1985 to 2025
Year	Brazil	Turkey
1985	61 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1986	85 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1987	74 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1988	66 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1989	66 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1990	60 gCO2/kWh	526 gCO2/kWh
1991	62 gCO2/kWh	539 gCO2/kWh
1992	63 gCO2/kWh	539 gCO2/kWh
1993	61 gCO2/kWh	481 gCO2/kWh
1994	61 gCO2/kWh	537 gCO2/kWh
1995	63 gCO2/kWh	505 gCO2/kWh
1996	68 gCO2/kWh	496 gCO2/kWh
1997	71 gCO2/kWh	519 gCO2/kWh
1998	71 gCO2/kWh	519 gCO2/kWh
1999	90 gCO2/kWh	557 gCO2/kWh
2000	89 gCO2/kWh	574 gCO2/kWh
2001	106 gCO2/kWh	605 gCO2/kWh
2002	97 gCO2/kWh	536 gCO2/kWh
2003	91 gCO2/kWh	525 gCO2/kWh
2004	102 gCO2/kWh	494 gCO2/kWh
2005	99 gCO2/kWh	544 gCO2/kWh
2006	96 gCO2/kWh	538 gCO2/kWh
2007	91 gCO2/kWh	578 gCO2/kWh
2008	114 gCO2/kWh	593 gCO2/kWh
2009	87 gCO2/kWh	577 gCO2/kWh
2010	114 gCO2/kWh	525 gCO2/kWh
2011	100 gCO2/kWh	541 gCO2/kWh
2012	128 gCO2/kWh	528 gCO2/kWh
2013	168 gCO2/kWh	510 gCO2/kWh
2014	193 gCO2/kWh	567 gCO2/kWh
2015	189 gCO2/kWh	505 gCO2/kWh
2016	150 gCO2/kWh	523 gCO2/kWh
2017	156 gCO2/kWh	535 gCO2/kWh
2018	137 gCO2/kWh	543 gCO2/kWh
2019	142 gCO2/kWh	490 gCO2/kWh
2020	133 gCO2/kWh	484 gCO2/kWh
2021	168 gCO2/kWh	502 gCO2/kWh
2022	103 gCO2/kWh	489 gCO2/kWh
2023	96 gCO2/kWh	495 gCO2/kWh
2024	106 gCO2/kWh	471 gCO2/kWh
2025	110 gCO2/kWh	476 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Brazil and Turkey each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 3.58 MWh in Brazil and 4.01 MWh in Turkey.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Brazil and Turkey, 1985 to 2025
Year	Brazil	Turkey
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	2.25 MWh	1.95 MWh
2001	2.08 MWh	1.91 MWh
2002	2.14 MWh	1.96 MWh
2003	2.23 MWh	2.07 MWh
2004	2.33 MWh	2.17 MWh
2005	2.39 MWh	2.32 MWh
2006	2.47 MWh	2.49 MWh
2007	2.57 MWh	2.69 MWh
2008	2.66 MWh	2.77 MWh
2009	2.64 MWh	2.68 MWh
2010	2.84 MWh	2.87 MWh
2011	2.91 MWh	3.10 MWh
2012	3.01 MWh	3.22 MWh
2013	3.08 MWh	3.22 MWh
2014	3.12 MWh	3.30 MWh
2015	3.05 MWh	3.32 MWh
2016	3.05 MWh	3.42 MWh
2017	3.06 MWh	3.57 MWh
2018	3.09 MWh	3.55 MWh
2019	3.17 MWh	3.51 MWh
2020	3.13 MWh	3.50 MWh
2021	3.24 MWh	3.76 MWh
2022	3.28 MWh	3.71 MWh
2023	3.43 MWh	3.71 MWh
2024	3.57 MWh	3.89 MWh
2025	3.58 MWh	4.01 MWh

Brazil history · Turkey history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Brazil vs Turkey: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

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