Electricity in March 2025: Demand Up 3.5% on March 2024
Demand in the 85 countries with data for both March 2025 and March 2024 was 2,313 TWh in March 2025, up 3.5% on March 2024. Those 85 countries cover 92% of world electricity demand (measured on 2025 demand), so this is a review of the reporting countries, not a world total. Low carbon sources supplied 44.9% of their generation in March 2025.
March 2025 at a Glance
85 countries, Ember monthlyDemand, 85 countries2,313 TWhup 3.5% on March 2024
Low carbon share44.9%up 2.2 points on March 2024
Solar and wind share20.1%
Share of world demand92%85 countries, 2025 basis
Key Facts
- Demand in the 85 countries with data for both March 2025 and March 2024 was 2,313 TWh in March 2025, up 3.5% on March 2024.
- Those 85 countries cover 92% of world electricity demand (measured on 2025 demand), so this is a review of the reporting countries, not a world total.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 44.9% of generation in these countries in March 2025, up 2.2 points on March 2024.
- Solar supplied 9.2% and wind 10.9% of their generation in March 2025.
- Their generation weighted carbon intensity was 460 gCO2/kWh in March 2025, against 476 gCO2/kWh in March 2024.
- Among large reporters, Sweden had the lowest carbon intensity in March 2025 (24 gCO2/kWh) and Kazakhstan the highest (830 gCO2/kWh).
Demand Through 2025 Against 2024
same 85 countries, TWh per monthEmber monthly statistics through March 2025
| Month | 2025 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2,415 TWh | 2,340 TWh |
| Feb | 2,175 TWh | 2,160 TWh |
| Mar | 2,313 TWh | 2,235 TWh |
| Apr | n/a | 2,105 TWh |
| May | n/a | 2,216 TWh |
| Jun | n/a | 2,307 TWh |
| Jul | n/a | 2,539 TWh |
| Aug | n/a | 2,542 TWh |
| Sep | n/a | 2,305 TWh |
| Oct | n/a | 2,211 TWh |
| Nov | n/a | 2,196 TWh |
| Dec | n/a | 2,402 TWh |
Biggest Movers, March 2025 Against March 2024
countries generating at least 3 TWh in both monthsDemand rose most
| Country | Change | Demand |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Vietnam | +22.8% | 21.5 TWh to 26.4 TWh |
| 2. Pakistan | +22.0% | 9.30 TWh to 11.4 TWh |
| 3. Nigeria | +16.2% | 2.90 TWh to 3.37 TWh |
| 4. Bangladesh | +15.6% | 7.88 TWh to 9.11 TWh |
| 5. Oman | +14.9% | 3.03 TWh to 3.48 TWh |
Demand fell most
| Country | Change | Demand |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Iran | -10.5% | 29.1 TWh to 26.0 TWh |
| 2. Kuwait | -5.5% | 5.49 TWh to 5.19 TWh |
| 3. Romania | -4.6% | 4.78 TWh to 4.56 TWh |
| 4. New Zealand | -3.9% | 3.33 TWh to 3.20 TWh |
| 5. Belgium | -3.2% | 7.19 TWh to 6.96 TWh |
Solar share rose most
| Country | Change | Share of generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Pakistan | +12.2 points | 15.3% to 27.5% of generation |
| 2. Netherlands | +8.9 points | 16.4% to 25.3% of generation |
| 3. Belgium | +6.3 points | 10.2% to 16.6% of generation |
| 4. Switzerland | +6.3 points | 6.9% to 13.2% of generation |
| 5. Denmark | +6.0 points | 7.1% to 13.1% of generation |
Wind share rose most
| Country | Change | Share of generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Finland | +13.2 points | 19.7% to 33.0% of generation |
| 2. Sweden | +8.8 points | 18.0% to 26.8% of generation |
| 3. Greece | +6.6 points | 20.1% to 26.8% of generation |
| 4. Turkey | +4.6 points | 7.7% to 12.4% of generation |
| 5. Brazil | +4.3 points | 7.9% to 12.2% of generation |
Carbon intensity fell most
| Country | Change | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Colombia | -65.2% | 324 gCO2/kWh to 113 gCO2/kWh |
| 2. Ecuador | -16.1% | 206 gCO2/kWh to 173 gCO2/kWh |
| 3. Greece | -16.0% | 338 gCO2/kWh to 284 gCO2/kWh |
| 4. Denmark | -13.3% | 206 gCO2/kWh to 179 gCO2/kWh |
| 5. Finland | -13.1% | 118 gCO2/kWh to 102 gCO2/kWh |
Carbon intensity rose most
| Country | Change | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Austria | +50.9% | 83 gCO2/kWh to 125 gCO2/kWh |
| 2. New Zealand | +23.6% | 142 gCO2/kWh to 176 gCO2/kWh |
| 3. Netherlands | +19.6% | 256 gCO2/kWh to 307 gCO2/kWh |
| 4. Belarus | +18.4% | 316 gCO2/kWh to 374 gCO2/kWh |
| 5. Switzerland | +17.0% | 53 gCO2/kWh to 62 gCO2/kWh |
Cleanest and Dirtiest Grids, March 2025
large reporters, gCO2/kWhLowest carbon intensity
| Country | Carbon intensity | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Sweden | 24 gCO2/kWh | 15.8 TWh generated |
| 2. Norway | 27 gCO2/kWh | 14.7 TWh generated |
| 3. France | 36 gCO2/kWh | 45.9 TWh generated |
| 4. Switzerland | 62 gCO2/kWh | 5.00 TWh generated |
| 5. Brazil | 75 gCO2/kWh | 68.0 TWh generated |
| 6. Portugal | 81 gCO2/kWh | 4.57 TWh generated |
| 7. Spain | 102 gCO2/kWh | 22.5 TWh generated |
| 8. Finland | 102 gCO2/kWh | 7.10 TWh generated |
Highest carbon intensity
| Country | Carbon intensity | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Kazakhstan | 830 gCO2/kWh | 11.5 TWh generated |
| 2. Bangladesh | 750 gCO2/kWh | 7.63 TWh generated |
| 3. South Africa | 724 gCO2/kWh | 19.4 TWh generated |
| 4. India | 693 gCO2/kWh | 163 TWh generated |
| 5. Serbia | 685 gCO2/kWh | 3.10 TWh generated |
| 6. Iran | 660 gCO2/kWh | 26.0 TWh generated |
| 7. Kuwait | 650 gCO2/kWh | 5.19 TWh generated |
| 8. Poland | 650 gCO2/kWh | 13.8 TWh generated |
Largest Reporters by Demand, March 2025
| Country | Demand | On March 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| 1. China | 831 TWh | +5.1% |
| 2. United States | 342 TWh | +3.2% |
| 3. India | 161 TWh | +7.4% |
| 4. Russia | 103 TWh | -1.9% |
| 5. Japan | 77.3 TWh | -2.2% |
| 6. Brazil | 68.0 TWh | +3.3% |
| 7. Canada | 57.0 TWh | +7.2% |
| 8. South Korea | 48.1 TWh | -1.7% |
How This Month Is Measured
- Coverage. 85 countries reported March 2025. 85 of them also have March 2024, and those 85 are the like for like set behind every figure above. Together they made up 92% of world demand in 2025. A month is published only when at least 10 countries and 60% of world demand are covered.
- Not a world total. These sums cover the reporting countries only.
- Carbon intensity. The figure for the group weights each country's monthly intensity by its generation; country rankings use Ember's own monthly intensity.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of March 2025. Ember monthly statistics.