Electricity in 2025: World Generation Up 3.1% to 31,820 TWh, Low Carbon Share 42.3%
The world generated 31,820 TWh of electricity in 2025, up 3.1% on 2024. Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 42.3% of world electricity in 2025, up 1.5 points on 2024. Solar and wind together produced 17.2% of world electricity in 2025, up 2.2 points on 2024. Power sector emissions were 14,653 MtCO2 in 2025, up 0.6% on 2024. The carbon intensity of world electricity was 461 gCO2/kWh in 2025, down 2.4% on 2024. China added the most solar generation in 2025, 334 TWh more than in 2024. China cut its coal generation most in 2025, by 80.4 TWh. Data as of 2025, Ember annual statistics.
94 countries have an Ember generation figure for 2025, together 94% of the world total; 94 of them also have one for 2024, and the country lists below use those. World totals are Ember's own World region, not a sum of these countries.
The World in 2025
Against 2024Key Facts, 2025
- The world generated 31,820 TWh of electricity in 2025, up 3.1% on 2024.
- World electricity demand per person was 3.86 MWh/person in 2025, up 1.8% on 2024.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 42.3% of world electricity in 2025, up 1.5 points on 2024.
- Solar and wind together produced 17.2% of world electricity in 2025, up 2.2 points on 2024.
- Power sector emissions were 14,653 MtCO2 in 2025, up 0.6% on 2024.
- The carbon intensity of world electricity was 461 gCO2/kWh in 2025, down 2.4% on 2024.
- China generated 334 TWh more solar electricity in 2025 than in 2024, from 839 TWh to 1,173 TWh.
- Uzbekistan generated 2.2 times as much solar electricity in 2025 as in 2024: 6.50 TWh against 2.90 TWh.
- China generated 131 TWh more wind electricity in 2025 than in 2024, from 997 TWh to 1,128 TWh.
- China generated 80.4 TWh less coal electricity in 2025 than in 2024, down 1.4% from 5,836 TWh to 5,756 TWh.
- Kyrgyzstan's carbon intensity fell 39.6% in 2025, from 120 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 73 gCO2/kWh.
- Colombia's low carbon share rose 15.1 points in 2025, from 61.4% in 2024 to 76.5%.
- Thailand's low carbon share fell 5.2 points in 2025, from 21.8% in 2024 to 16.6%.
- Solar passed wind in electricity generation worldwide in 2025, for the first time in the data: 2,780 TWh against 2,704 TWh. In 2024, solar was 2,155 TWh against 2,503 TWh for wind.
World Generation Mix, 2025 and 2024
Share of generation2025
By group
By fuel
2024
By group
By fuel
World generation by source, 2025 against 2024. Coal 33.4% against 34.2%; Gas 21.8% against 22.1%; Hydro 13.9% against 14.4%; Nuclear 8.8% against 9.0%.
| Source | Share, 2025 | Share, 2024 | Change | Generation, 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coal | 33.4% | 34.2% | -0.8 pts | 10,611 TWh |
| Gas | 21.8% | 22.1% | -0.3 pts | 6,925 TWh |
| Hydro | 13.9% | 14.4% | -0.5 pts | 4,436 TWh |
| Nuclear | 8.8% | 9.0% | -0.2 pts | 2,809 TWh |
| Solar | 8.7% | 7.0% | +1.8 pts | 2,780 TWh |
| Wind | 8.5% | 8.1% | +0.4 pts | 2,704 TWh |
| Other fossil | 2.6% | 2.9% | -0.4 pts | 822 TWh |
| Bioenergy | 2.0% | 2.0% | 0.0 pts | 642 TWh |
| Other renewables | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.0 pts | 91.0 TWh |
Biggest Movers Among Countries, 2025
Against 2024Biggest Solar Growth, in TWh
China added the most solar generation in 2025: 334 TWh more than in 2024. 59 of 80 countries generated more solar electricity in 2025 than in 2024. The top five together added 508 TWh, 81% of the world's 625 TWh rise.
| Country | More solar than in 2024 | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚚馃嚦 China | +334 TWh | 839 TWh in 2024 to 1,173 TWh in 2025 |
| 2. 馃嚭馃嚫 United States | +85.1 TWh | 304 TWh in 2024 to 389 TWh in 2025 |
| 3. 馃嚠馃嚦 India | +52.9 TWh | 142 TWh in 2024 to 195 TWh in 2025 |
| 4. 馃嚙馃嚪 Brazil | +19.0 TWh | 71.3 TWh in 2024 to 90.3 TWh in 2025 |
| 5. 馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan | +16.8 TWh | 19.8 TWh in 2024 to 36.6 TWh in 2025 |
| 6. 馃嚛馃嚜 Germany | +15.6 TWh | 74.1 TWh in 2024 to 89.7 TWh in 2025 |
| 7. 馃嚬馃嚪 Turkey | +11.6 TWh | 25.7 TWh in 2024 to 37.3 TWh in 2025 |
| 8. 馃嚠馃嚬 Italy | +8.65 TWh | 36.0 TWh in 2024 to 44.6 TWh in 2025 |
Countries that generated at least 10 TWh in 2025 and have a figure for both 2024 and 2025, 80 in this data.
Fastest Solar Growth, as a Multiple
Uzbekistan grew its solar generation fastest in 2025, to 2.2 times what it was in 2024 (2.90 TWh in 2024 to 6.50 TWh in 2025).
| Country | Solar as a multiple of 2024 | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚭馃嚳 Uzbekistan | 2.2 times | 2.90 TWh in 2024 to 6.50 TWh in 2025 |
| 2. 馃嚨馃嚜 Peru | 2 times | 950 GWh in 2024 to 1.86 TWh in 2025 |
| 3. 馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan | 1.8 times | 19.8 TWh in 2024 to 36.6 TWh in 2025 |
| 4. 馃嚢馃嚟 Cambodia | 1.8 times | 1.07 TWh in 2024 to 1.89 TWh in 2025 |
| 5. 馃嚤馃嚢 Sri Lanka | 1.7 times | 1.17 TWh in 2024 to 1.98 TWh in 2025 |
| 6. 馃嚟馃嚪 Croatia | 1.6 times | 820 GWh in 2024 to 1.31 TWh in 2025 |
| 7. 馃嚛馃嚧 Dominican Republic | 1.5 times | 1.55 TWh in 2024 to 2.25 TWh in 2025 |
| 8. 馃嚬馃嚪 Turkey | 1.5 times | 25.7 TWh in 2024 to 37.3 TWh in 2025 |
Countries that generated at least 10 TWh in 2025 and have a figure for both 2024 and 2025, 80 in this data. Needs at least 0.3 TWh of solar in 2024 and 1 TWh in 2025, so growth from almost nothing is not counted.
Biggest Wind Growth, in TWh
China added the most wind generation in 2025: 131 TWh more than in 2024. 36 of 80 countries generated more wind electricity in 2025 than in 2024. The top five together added 181 TWh, 90% of the world's 201 TWh rise.
| Country | More wind than in 2024 | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚚馃嚦 China | +131 TWh | 997 TWh in 2024 to 1,128 TWh in 2025 |
| 2. 馃嚠馃嚦 India | +22.5 TWh | 81.5 TWh in 2024 to 104 TWh in 2025 |
| 3. 馃嚭馃嚫 United States | +12.5 TWh | 452 TWh in 2024 to 464 TWh in 2025 |
| 4. 馃嚙馃嚪 Brazil | +9.08 TWh | 108 TWh in 2024 to 118 TWh in 2025 |
| 5. 馃嚘馃嚭 Australia | +6.56 TWh | 32.7 TWh in 2024 to 39.3 TWh in 2025 |
| 6. 馃嚝馃嚪 France | +5.31 TWh | 45.4 TWh in 2024 to 50.7 TWh in 2025 |
| 7. 馃嚚馃嚘 Canada | +4.65 TWh | 46.8 TWh in 2024 to 51.5 TWh in 2025 |
| 8. 馃嚜馃嚞 Egypt | +3.11 TWh | 6.18 TWh in 2024 to 9.29 TWh in 2025 |
Countries that generated at least 10 TWh in 2025 and have a figure for both 2024 and 2025, 80 in this data.
Largest Falls in Coal Generation
China cut its coal generation most in 2025: 80.4 TWh less than in 2024. 29 of 80 countries generated less coal electricity than in 2024.
| Country | Less coal than in 2024 | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚚馃嚦 China | -80.4 TWh | 5,836 TWh in 2024 to 5,756 TWh in 2025 |
| 2. 馃嚠馃嚦 India | -43.7 TWh | 1,518 TWh in 2024 to 1,474 TWh in 2025 |
| 3. 馃嚬馃嚰 Taiwan | -11.1 TWh | 116 TWh in 2024 to 105 TWh in 2025 |
| 4. 馃嚳馃嚘 South Africa | -9.31 TWh | 207 TWh in 2024 to 198 TWh in 2025 |
| 5. 馃嚠馃嚤 Israel | -8.70 TWh | 11.5 TWh in 2024 to 2.80 TWh in 2025 |
| 6. 馃嚨馃嚟 Philippines | -7.13 TWh | 79.4 TWh in 2024 to 72.2 TWh in 2025 |
| 7. 馃嚨馃嚤 Poland | -6.16 TWh | 93.5 TWh in 2024 to 87.3 TWh in 2025 |
| 8. 馃嚚馃嚧 Colombia | -5.68 TWh | 11.2 TWh in 2024 to 5.53 TWh in 2025 |
Countries that generated at least 10 TWh in 2025 and have a figure for both 2024 and 2025, 80 in this data. Needs at least 1 TWh of coal in 2024.
Biggest Cuts in Carbon Intensity
Kyrgyzstan cleaned up its grid most in 2025: carbon intensity down 39.6% on 2024 (120 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 73 gCO2/kWh in 2025). 46 of 80 countries had a lower carbon intensity than in 2024.
| Country | Change on 2024 | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚢馃嚞 Kyrgyzstan | -39.6% | 120 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 73 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
| 2. 馃嚚馃嚧 Colombia | -36.3% | 298 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 190 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
| 3. 馃嚛馃嚢 Denmark | -24.4% | 132 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 100 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
| 4. 馃嚜馃嚚 Ecuador | -22.1% | 204 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 159 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
| 5. 馃嚫馃嚠 Slovenia | -18.2% | 230 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 188 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
| 6. 馃嚦馃嚳 New Zealand | -17.1% | 112 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 93 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
| 7. 馃嚝馃嚠 Finland | -14.4% | 67 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 57 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
| 8. 馃嚟馃嚭 Hungary | -11.6% | 184 gCO2/kWh in 2024 to 163 gCO2/kWh in 2025 |
Countries that generated at least 10 TWh in 2025 and have a figure for both 2024 and 2025, 80 in this data. Both years need a valid, positive carbon intensity. Carbon intensity is the CO2 emitted per kilowatt hour generated, lifecycle emissions included.
Biggest Rises in Low Carbon Share
Colombia had the biggest rise in low carbon share in 2025: 15.1 points (61.4% in 2024 to 76.5% in 2025). 47 of 80 countries saw their low carbon share rise.
| Country | Change on 2024 | Low carbon share |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚚馃嚧 Colombia | +15.1 pts | 61.4% in 2024 to 76.5% in 2025 |
| 2. 馃嚜馃嚚 Ecuador | +7.0 pts | 72.4% in 2024 to 79.4% in 2025 |
| 3. 馃嚦馃嚞 Nigeria | +7.0 pts | 25.0% in 2024 to 32.0% in 2025 |
| 4. 馃嚢馃嚞 Kyrgyzstan | +5.9 pts | 88.8% in 2024 to 94.7% in 2025 |
| 5. 馃嚢馃嚟 Cambodia | +5.2 pts | 35.7% in 2024 to 40.9% in 2025 |
| 6. 馃嚛馃嚢 Denmark | +5.0 pts | 89.2% in 2024 to 94.2% in 2025 |
| 7. 馃嚛馃嚧 Dominican Republic | +4.9 pts | 18.9% in 2024 to 23.8% in 2025 |
| 8. 馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan | +4.6 pts | 56.5% in 2024 to 61.0% in 2025 |
Countries that generated at least 10 TWh in 2025 and have a figure for both 2024 and 2025, 80 in this data. Low carbon means nuclear and renewables, as a share of generation. Points are percentage points, not a percentage change.
Biggest Falls in Low Carbon Share
Thailand had the biggest fall in low carbon share in 2025: 5.2 points (21.8% in 2024 to 16.6% in 2025). 31 of 80 countries saw their low carbon share fall.
| Country | Change on 2024 | Low carbon share |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 馃嚬馃嚟 Thailand | -5.2 pts | 21.8% in 2024 to 16.6% in 2025 |
| 2. 馃嚨馃嚬 Portugal | -4.3 pts | 85.2% in 2024 to 80.9% in 2025 |
| 3. 馃嚪馃嚫 Serbia | -4.2 pts | 32.1% in 2024 to 27.8% in 2025 |
| 4. 馃嚚馃嚤 Chile | -3.7 pts | 70.0% in 2024 to 66.4% in 2025 |
| 5. 馃嚘馃嚬 Austria | -2.6 pts | 86.2% in 2024 to 83.6% in 2025 |
| 6. 馃嚬馃嚪 Turkey | -2.3 pts | 45.6% in 2024 to 43.3% in 2025 |
| 7. 馃嚠馃嚛 Indonesia | -2.3 pts | 18.1% in 2024 to 15.8% in 2025 |
| 8. 馃嚜馃嚫 Spain | -2.1 pts | 76.8% in 2024 to 74.7% in 2025 |
Countries that generated at least 10 TWh in 2025 and have a figure for both 2024 and 2025, 80 in this data. Low carbon means nuclear and renewables, as a share of generation. Points are percentage points, not a percentage change.
Milestones in 2025
World and country- Solar passed wind in electricity generation worldwide in 2025, for the first time in the data: 2,780 TWh against 2,704 TWh. In 2024, solar was 2,155 TWh against 2,503 TWh for wind.
- World power sector CO2 was the highest in the data in 2025: 14,653 MtCO2, up 0.6% on 2024. The data starts in 2000.
- World carbon intensity was the lowest in the data in 2025: 461 gCO2/kWh, down 2.4% on 2024. The data starts in 2000.
- The world low carbon share was the highest in the data in 2025: 42.3%, up 1.5 points on 2024. The data starts in 2000.
- World coal generation was the highest in the data in 2025: 10,611 TWh, up 0.6% on 2024. The data starts in 2000.
- World gas generation was the highest in the data in 2025: 6,925 TWh, up 1.4% on 2024. The data starts in 2000.
- 馃嚛馃嚜 Germany generated more solar than gas electricity in 2025 for the first time in the data (which starts in 1985): 89.7 TWh against 83.5 TWh. In 2024, solar was 74.1 TWh against 78.4 TWh for gas.
- 馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan generated more solar than coal electricity in 2025: 36.6 TWh against 24.8 TWh. In 2024, solar was 19.8 TWh against 20.2 TWh for coal.
- 馃嚨馃嚢 Pakistan generated more solar than nuclear electricity in 2025 for the first time in the data (which starts in 2000): 36.6 TWh against 24.0 TWh. In 2024, solar was 19.8 TWh against 23.2 TWh for nuclear.
- 馃嚠馃嚤 Israel generated more solar than coal electricity in 2025 for the first time in the data (which starts in 2000): 13.3 TWh against 2.80 TWh. In 2024, solar was 10.5 TWh against 11.5 TWh for coal.
- 馃嚬馃嚰 Taiwan generated more wind than nuclear electricity in 2025 for the first time in the data (which starts in 1985): 12.0 TWh against 3.24 TWh. In 2024, wind was 10.5 TWh against 12.2 TWh for nuclear.
- 馃嚭馃嚳 Uzbekistan generated more solar than coal electricity in 2025 for the first time in the data (which starts in 2000): 6.50 TWh against 5.70 TWh. In 2024, solar was 2.90 TWh against 5.70 TWh for coal.
- 馃嚚馃嚳 Czechia generated more solar than gas electricity in 2025: 4.39 TWh against 4.08 TWh. In 2024, solar was 3.59 TWh against 3.79 TWh for gas.
- 馃嚦馃嚳 New Zealand generated more wind than gas electricity in 2025: 4.22 TWh against 3.84 TWh. In 2024, wind and gas were level at 4.31 TWh.
- 馃嚟馃嚪 Croatia generated more wind than gas electricity in 2025 for the first time in the data (which starts in 1990): 3.12 TWh against 2.74 TWh. In 2024, wind was 2.67 TWh against 3.25 TWh for gas.
- 馃嚛馃嚢 Denmark had a low carbon share above 90% for the first time in the data, which starts in 1990: 94.2% in 2025, against 89.2% in 2024.
Each milestone is read from the annual series: a source counts as passing another when it was at or below it in 2024 and above it in 2025, with at least 1 TWh on each side. Country milestones are limited to countries generating at least 10 TWh. Records are the highest or lowest value in the data up to 2025.
By Continent, 2025
Countries with data for both years| Continent | Countries | Generation | Change | Low carbon share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia | 29 | 17,599 TWh | +4.2% | 35.4% |
| North America | 7 | 5,590 TWh | +2.7% | 45.9% |
| Europe | 40 | 4,652 TWh | +0.1% | 62.2% |
| South America | 9 | 1,253 TWh | +1.3% | 78.9% |
| Africa | 7 | 645 TWh | +3.3% | 22.6% |
| Oceania | 2 | 330 TWh | +1.4% | 45.2% |
Each row sums only the countries that have a generation figure for both 2024 and 2025, so the change compares the same countries. Continents follow the grouping on the country pages.
Questions About Electricity in 2025
How much electricity did the world generate in 2025?
The world generated 31,820 TWh of electricity in 2025, up 3.1% on 2024. Figures are Ember annual statistics (World region).
What share of world electricity was low carbon in 2025?
Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 42.3% of world electricity in 2025, up 1.5 points on 2024. Low carbon here means nuclear plus all renewables.
Did power sector emissions rise or fall in 2025?
Power sector emissions were 14,653 MtCO2 in 2025, up 0.6% on 2024. The carbon intensity of world electricity was 461 gCO2/kWh in 2025, down 2.4% on 2024.
Which country added the most solar power in 2025?
China added the most solar generation in 2025: 334 TWh more than in 2024. 59 of 80 countries generated more solar electricity in 2025 than in 2024. The top five together added 508 TWh, 81% of the world's 625 TWh rise.
Which country cut coal generation most in 2025?
China cut its coal generation most in 2025: 80.4 TWh less than in 2024. 29 of 80 countries generated less coal electricity than in 2024.
Which countries does the 2025 review cover?
94 countries have an Ember generation figure for 2025, together 94% of the world total; 94 of them also have one for 2024, and the country lists below use those. World totals are Ember's own World region, not a sum of these countries.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025. Annual statistics from Ember.