Annual Statistics vs Grid Operator Data, Side by Side
This page shows 29 countries twice, in two separate column groups that are never added, averaged or subtracted. On the left is Ember's annual statistic for each country's latest year (2025). On the right is what the country's grid operator reported over 30 complete days (each country has its own window, ending on 4 November 2026; the dates are on every row), from ENTSO-E for Europe and from the EIA for the United States. They measure different things over different periods with different methods, so the two columns are not expected to match, and a mismatch is not an error in either.
Snapshot, not live: the right hand columns were taken when this page was last built, from data for the 30 complete days up to the dates shown on each row. Live hourly values load on each zone page.
Key Facts
- 29 countries have both an Ember annual figure and a grid operator snapshot; 12 more have operator zones but no country level operator column (shown separately with their zones).
- Left columns are Ember annual statistics for 2025. Right columns are operator data for 30 complete days ending on 4 November 2026. The two are never combined into one number.
- By Ember's latest year 23 of the 29 countries got at least half of their electricity from low carbon sources; in the operator snapshot 20 of 29 did. Each count comes from its own columns.
- Ember's highest low carbon share among them is Albania at 100.0% in 2025. The operator snapshot's highest is Albania at 100.0%.
- Italy, Norway and Sweden have several operator zones each; their operator figures add the zones up inside the operator layer only (Italy 7, Norway 5, Sweden 4).
- Operator carbon intensity is not shown: it needs emission factors that the licence registry does not clear. Ember's carbon intensity is shown on the left.
Two Layers, Side by Side
Left: Ember 2025. Right: operator, 30 days ending 4 November 2026| Country | Left: Ember annual statistics, latest year | Right: grid operator data, last 30 days | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Low carbon | Carbon intensity | Demand | Largest source | Period covered | Low carbon | Demand | Largest source | |
| Albania | 2025 | 100.0% | 25 gCO2/kWh | 7.99 TWhaverage 912 MW | Hydro 94.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone, 29 days reported | 100.0% | 627 GWhaverage 870 MW | Hydro 80.9% |
| Austria | 2025 | 83.7% | 117 gCO2/kWh | 77.4 TWhaverage 8.83 GW | Hydro 51.9% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 68.0% | 4.77 TWhaverage 6.62 GW | Hydro 34.5% |
| Belgium | 2025 | 72.1% | 151 gCO2/kWh | 85.5 TWhaverage 9.76 GW | Nuclear 33.5% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 60.0% | 6.83 TWhaverage 9.48 GW | Wind 33.0% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2025 | 43.3% | 573 gCO2/kWh | 12.3 TWhaverage 1.40 GW | Coal 55.8% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 25.0% | 687 GWhaverage 954 MW | Coal 75.0% |
| Bulgaria | 2025 | 71.9% | 275 gCO2/kWh | 36.8 TWhaverage 4.20 GW | Nuclear 39.0% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone, 29 days reported | 55.2% | 3.01 TWhaverage 4.18 GW | Coal 39.2% |
| Croatia | 2025 | 76.3% | 159 gCO2/kWh | 20.0 TWhaverage 2.29 GW | Hydro 39.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 69.6% | 1.42 TWhaverage 1.97 GW | Wind 40.4% |
| Czechia | 2025 | 59.2% | 401 gCO2/kWh | 68.1 TWhaverage 7.77 GW | Nuclear 42.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 49.7% | 5.21 TWhaverage 7.23 GW | Coal 43.1% |
| Estonia | 2025 | 59.8% | 319 gCO2/kWh | 8.85 TWhaverage 1.01 GW | Other fossil 38.9% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 50.7% | 645 GWhaverage 896 MW | Wind 36.8% |
| Finland | 2025 | 96.2% | 59 gCO2/kWh | 88.0 TWhaverage 10.1 GW | Nuclear 39.8% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 96.3% | 7.06 TWhaverage 9.81 GW | Wind 42.3% |
| France | 2025 | 94.9% | 41 gCO2/kWh | 481 TWhaverage 54.9 GW | Nuclear 68.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 94.6% | 34.2 TWhaverage 47.4 GW | Nuclear 69.1% |
| Greece | 2025 | 47.8% | 325 gCO2/kWh | 54.9 TWhaverage 6.27 GW | Gas 40.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 52.2% | 3.77 TWhaverage 5.23 GW | Gas 41.1% |
| Hungary | 2025 | 75.4% | 162 gCO2/kWh | 49.1 TWhaverage 5.61 GW | Nuclear 40.1% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 66.8% | 3.55 TWhaverage 4.94 GW | Nuclear 38.2% |
| Italy | 2025 | 48.7% | 285 gCO2/kWh | 312 TWhaverage 35.6 GW | Gas 47.4% | ENTSO-E, 7 zones | 37.0% | 22.2 TWhaverage 30.9 GW | Gas 52.8% |
| Latvia | 2025 | 73.5% | 135 gCO2/kWh | 7.63 TWhaverage 871 MW | Hydro 47.6% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone, 29 days reported | 76.8% | 634 GWhaverage 881 MW | Hydro 42.6% |
| Lithuania | 2025 | 77.7% | 138 gCO2/kWh | 12.5 TWhaverage 1.42 GW | Wind 45.0% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 82.4% | 1.07 TWhaverage 1.49 GW | Wind 63.7% |
| Montenegro | 2025 | 74.6% | 275 gCO2/kWh | 3.46 TWhaverage 395 MW | Hydro 59.2% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone, 29 days reported | 44.1% | 239 GWhaverage 332 MW | Coal 55.9% |
| Netherlands | 2025 | 54.2% | 254 gCO2/kWh | 121 TWhaverage 13.8 GW | Gas 34.9% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 39.1% | 7.43 TWhaverage 10.3 GW | Gas 33.5% |
| North Macedonia | 2025 | 50.8% | 426 gCO2/kWh | 8.03 TWhaverage 917 MW | Coal 30.7% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone, 28 days reported | 42.4% | 441 GWhaverage 613 MW | Gas 31.1% |
| Norway | 2025 | 99.0% | 28 gCO2/kWh | 138 TWhaverage 15.8 GW | Hydro 90.0% | ENTSO-E, 5 zones, 28 days reported | 98.8% | 11.3 TWhaverage 15.7 GW | Hydro 85.2% |
| Poland | 2025 | 31.2% | 591 gCO2/kWh | 174 TWhaverage 19.8 GW | Coal 50.6% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 27.0% | 13.6 TWhaverage 18.9 GW | Coal 59.2% |
| Portugal | 2025 | 80.9% | 128 gCO2/kWh | 60.4 TWhaverage 6.90 GW | Hydro 29.7% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 76.9% | 4.27 TWhaverage 5.93 GW | Wind 30.1% |
| Romania | 2025 | 67.7% | 258 gCO2/kWh | 53.5 TWhaverage 6.11 GW | Hydro 24.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 59.9% | 4.28 TWhaverage 5.95 GW | Wind 27.4% |
| Serbia | 2025 | 28.3% | 696 gCO2/kWh | 38.3 TWhaverage 4.37 GW | Coal 65.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 19.8% | 2.81 TWhaverage 3.90 GW | Coal 78.4% |
| Slovakia | 2025 | 85.1% | 95 gCO2/kWh | 26.7 TWhaverage 3.05 GW | Nuclear 66.4% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 78.0% | 2.13 TWhaverage 2.96 GW | Nuclear 63.6% |
| Slovenia | 2025 | 78.9% | 183 gCO2/kWh | 14.4 TWhaverage 1.64 GW | Nuclear 39.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 80.5% | 1.11 TWhaverage 1.54 GW | Nuclear 51.0% |
| Spain | 2025 | 74.6% | 154 gCO2/kWh | 276 TWhaverage 31.5 GW | Solar 21.9% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone, 29 days reported | 73.8% | 18.6 TWhaverage 25.8 GW | Gas 24.8% |
| Sweden | 2025 | 98.8% | 35 gCO2/kWh | 137 TWhaverage 15.6 GW | Hydro 40.1% | ENTSO-E, 4 zones | 94.6% | 10.5 TWhaverage 14.6 GW | Wind 37.0% |
| Switzerland | 2025 | 97.7% | 39 gCO2/kWh | 65.2 TWhaverage 7.44 GW | Hydro 52.3% | ENTSO-E, 1 zone | 100.0% | 5.17 TWhaverage 7.18 GW | Nuclear 49.9% |
| United States | 2025 | 43.0% | 384 gCO2/kWh | 4,532 TWhaverage 517 GW | Gas 40.0% | EIA, 1 zoneEIA Lower 48 aggregate: the contiguous states only, without Alaska and Hawaii, while the Ember figures cover the whole United States. | 42.5% | 328 TWhaverage 455 GW | Gas 40.3% |
Every number in the left group comes from Ember and is for the year shown. Every number in the right group comes from the grid operator and is for the days shown. Low carbon means nuclear and renewables, in both groups. Demand shows the energy over the period and, below it, the same energy as an average power in the units of its own group, so both sides can be read in GW; the two are not subtracted or added. Carbon intensity is Ember's own figure and exists only on the left, because the site has not cleared the emission factors that an operator based estimate would need.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025. Left columns: annual statistics, each country at its own latest year with a generation total.
Source: ENTSO-E Transparency Platform (transparency.entsoe.eu), CC BY 4.0. Aggregated and converted by World Power Monitor; ENTSO-E does not endorse this site. (ENTSO-E Terms of Use plus CC BY 4.0 for listed data items) Data as of 2026-11-04 to 2026-11-04. Right columns, European countries: transmission system operator data, 30 complete days per country, summed over the country's zones. A snapshot taken at build time.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (US Government work, public domain) Data as of 2026-11-04 to 2026-11-04. Right columns, United States: the EIA Lower 48 aggregate, 30 complete days. A snapshot taken at build time.
Countries With Operator Zones but No Operator Column
12 countries, Ember year only| Country | Ember year | Low carbon | Carbon intensity | Demand | Largest source | Operator zones, and why there is no operator column |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyprus | 2025 | 25.1% | 505 gCO2/kWh | 5.77 TWhaverage 659 MW | Other fossil 74.9% | Cyprus. Its zones do not have enough reported days in the same 30 day window. |
| Denmark | 2025 | 91.2% | 120 gCO2/kWh | 43.0 TWhaverage 4.91 GW | Wind 56.9% | Denmark East (DK2), Denmark West (DK1). Its zones do not have enough reported days in the same 30 day window. |
| Georgia | 2025 | 79.5% | 147 gCO2/kWh | 14.6 TWhaverage 1.66 GW | Hydro 78.8% | Georgia. Its zones do not have enough reported days in the same 30 day window. |
| Germany | 2025 | 58.5% | 334 gCO2/kWh | 517 TWhaverage 59.0 GW | Wind 26.6% | Germany and Luxembourg. A zone is shared with another country, so it is not this country on its own. |
| Ireland | 2025 | 47.2% | 271 gCO2/kWh | 37.7 TWhaverage 4.31 GW | Gas 47.4% | Ireland and Northern Ireland (SEM). A zone is shared with another country, so it is not this country on its own. |
| Kosovo | 2025 | 10.5% | 906 gCO2/kWh | 7.45 TWhaverage 850 MW | Coal 89.3% | Kosovo. The operator reports no low carbon generation at all for the window, which is a gap in what is reported and not a fact about the grid. |
| Luxembourg | 2025 | 91.5% | 118 gCO2/kWh | 6.53 TWhaverage 745 MW | Solar 30.9% | Germany and Luxembourg. A zone is shared with another country, so it is not this country on its own. |
| Malta | 2025 | 16.5% | 483 gCO2/kWh | 3.26 TWhaverage 372 MW | Gas 82.7% | Malta. At least one of its zones has no operator data in this build, so a total would cover only part of the country. |
| Moldova | 2025 | 28.4% | 514 gCO2/kWh | 5.52 TWhaverage 630 MW | Gas 64.0% | Moldova. At least one of its zones has no operator data in this build, so a total would cover only part of the country. |
| Turkey | 2025 | 43.3% | 476 gCO2/kWh | 352 TWhaverage 40.2 GW | Coal 34.3% | Turkey. At least one of its zones has no operator data in this build, so a total would cover only part of the country. |
| Ukraine | 2022 | 72.2% | 251 gCO2/kWh | 112 TWhaverage 12.8 GW | Nuclear 55.8% | Ukraine (IPS). Its zones do not have enough reported days in the same 30 day window. |
| United Kingdom | 2025 | 64.2% | 218 gCO2/kWh | 312 TWhaverage 35.6 GW | Gas 31.3% | Great Britain, Ireland and Northern Ireland (SEM). A zone is shared with another country, so it is not this country on its own. |
The operator column is left out where the zones do not map cleanly onto the country, rather than guessing. The left hand Ember figures are still the country's own. Zone names link to the zone page where one exists.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2022 to 2025. Annual statistics only, each country at its own latest year. No operator figure is shown for these countries.
Why the Two Sides Can Differ
- Period. The left is a whole calendar year; the right is 30 days, with the dates on each row. A single month has its own season: solar output, heating demand, river flows and wind all vary through the year, so a month and a year are not expected to agree even when both are right.
- Scope. Ember compiles national statistics for the whole country. The operator figures are what the transmission system operators report to the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform (or what balancing authorities report to the EIA), which can omit small or embedded generation. A source missing from the operator report lowers its share on the right and nothing on the left.
- Definitions. Ember's demand is built from generation and trade; the operator's demand is the load it measured. Storage is left out of the operator mix here (charging is a negative flow of energy that was generated earlier), and the EIA has no bioenergy category, so those fuels sit in other categories on the right.
- Revisions and gaps. Operator readings are provisional and can be revised; Ember's annual figures are final for the year. A fuel that is reported on only some days of the window is averaged over the days it was reported, and a country is shown only when each zone reported at least 25 of the 30 days.
- Carbon intensity. Only Ember's own figure is shown. The site does not estimate carbon intensity from operator data, because that needs lifecycle emission factors whose reuse is not cleared.
How a Country Is Matched to Its Zones
- A country's zones are the bidding zones the registry links to it on the build date. Italy has 7, Norway 5, Sweden 4; most others have 1.
- If every zone belongs to that country alone and has operator data, the right hand group covers all of them: demand and generation are added up across the zones, inside the operator layer only. Each zone must end its data within 3 days of the newest zone, and the window is the 30 days to that newest day.
- If a zone is shared with another country, the country is moved to the table of left out countries. This applies to Germany and Luxembourg (joint zone DE-LU), Ireland (the Single Electricity Market, which also covers Northern Ireland) and the United Kingdom (linked to that market as well as to Great Britain).
- If a zone has no operator data in this build, or too few reported days, the country is left out in the same way, because a total over part of the country would look like the whole.
- The United States has no ENTSO-E zones. Its right hand figures are the EIA Lower 48 aggregate, which leaves out Alaska and Hawaii; the row says so.
Annual vs Operator Data FAQ
Why do annual statistics and grid operator data differ for the same country?
Four things differ at once. Period: Ember's figure is for a whole calendar year, the operator figure for 30 days, so seasons matter (solar output, heating demand, river flows and wind all vary through the year). Scope: Ember compiles national statistics, while the operator data is what the transmission system operators report to ENTSO-E or what the balancing authorities report to the EIA, which can leave out small or embedded generation. Definition: Ember's demand is built from generation and trade, while the operator's demand is metered load. Treatment of storage and fuel categories also differs: the operator side here leaves storage out of the mix. None of these is a mistake in either source.
Why is there no combined or average number?
Because the two numbers are not measuring the same thing. Averaging them, or subtracting one from the other, would produce a figure that belongs to neither source and cannot be checked against either. The site keeps annual statistics and operator data in separate columns with their own source line and date range.
How is a country matched to its grid operator zones?
The registry links each country to the bidding zones of its grid. If every zone belongs to that country alone and has data in this build, the operator figures add up all of its zones (Italy has 7, Norway 5, Sweden 4, Denmark 2). If a zone is shared with another country, for example the joint Germany and Luxembourg zone, or the Ireland and Northern Ireland market that the United Kingdom is also linked to, the operator column is left out and the zones are listed instead. The United States uses the EIA Lower 48 aggregate and says so, because it leaves out Alaska and Hawaii.
Is the operator side live?
No. It is a snapshot taken when the site was last built, for the 30 complete days up to the dates shown. Live hourly values are on each zone's page, loaded in your browser.
Why is operator carbon intensity missing?
Estimating the carbon intensity of grid operator data needs lifecycle emission factors from the IPCC. The site has not cleared their reuse, so it does not publish such an estimate. Ember publishes its own carbon intensity for the year, which is shown on the left.
Related
Cite this page
World Power Monitor. (2026). Annual vs Operator Electricity Data by Country, Side by Side. https://worldpowermonitor.com/annual-vs-live/
World Power Monitor. Annual vs Operator Electricity Data by Country, Side by Side. Data as of 2026-11-04. Data from Ember, ENTSO-E Transparency Platform and U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://worldpowermonitor.com/annual-vs-live/
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title = {{Annual vs Operator Electricity Data by Country, Side by Side}},
author = {{World Power Monitor}},
year = {2026},
note = {Data as of 2026-11-04. Data from Ember, ENTSO-E Transparency Platform and U.S. Energy Information Administration.},
url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/annual-vs-live/}
} Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/annual-vs-live/
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