Demand Growth vs Clean Supply: Demand Outgrew Low Carbon Power in 79 of 151 Countries

The total is a sum over the countries in the table, with each country measured to its own latest year (2024 or 2025). It is not a world total. Demand includes net imports, so demand growth is clean growth plus fossil generation growth plus the change in net imports.

Caught up in the last 5 years (demand outgrew clean supply over 10 years, clean supply ahead over the last 5): Mozambique, Georgia, North Korea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Madagascar, Azerbaijan, Zambia.

Fell behind in the last 5 years (clean supply ahead over 10 years, demand outgrew it over the last 5): Costa Rica, Jordan, Peru, Yemen, Ecuador, Belgium, United States.

All changes are in TWh from the base year (10 or 5 years before the latest year) to the latest year. A positive gap means demand grew by more than low carbon generation; the difference was met by fossil generation or net imports. Classes: clean supply fell behind above +1% of base year demand, clean supply ahead below -1%. n/a means the window cannot be measured for that country.

• The gap is the change in electricity demand minus the change in low carbon generation, in TWh. Positive means demand grew by more than clean supply, and the difference had to come from fossil generation or net imports. Negative means clean supply grew by more than demand.
• Demand is Ember's annual electricity demand (generation plus net imports). Every country in the table has a demand figure.
• Low carbon generation is nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, bioenergy, geothermal and other renewables (the same definition as the rest of the site). Fossil generation is coal, gas, oil and other fossil. Demand = low carbon generation + fossil generation + net imports, so the gap equals the change in fossil generation plus the change in net imports.
• Classes use the gap as a percent of base year demand: "clean supply fell behind" above +1%, "clean supply ahead" below -1%, "about level" in between.
• Each window runs from a base year (10 or 5 years earlier) to the country's own latest year (2024 or 2025). Grids with under 1 TWh of demand at either end are left out, as are countries whose latest year is before 2024. Pool totals add the countries in the table, so they mix end years 2024 or 2025 and are not a world total.
• A year of heavy or light rain can move hydro by several percent of demand, so a single country close to a class boundary can change class with the weather. The two windows are shown together for that reason.

More on sources and licences: methodology.